Tuesday, August 20, 2019
Developing The Anti Tobacco Smoking Campaigns English Language Essay
Developing The Anti Tobacco Smoking Campaigns English Language Essay Indian women are among the worst in the world when it comes to smoking. According to the latest Tobacco Atlas, the country ranks third in the top 20 female smoking populations across the globe. Only the US with 2.3 crore female smokers and China with 1.3 crore women smokers are worse off than India. Tobacco usage in India claims more than 800000 lives annually. Globally the number of smokers is expected to rise to 1.7 billion by 2020. Ninety percent of the smokers in the country start smoking before they are 24 years old. Half the male tuberculosis deaths in India are caused by smoking. If smoking is unchecked, by 2020, millions of people in India will become regular smokers. Most of them experience their first puff before attaining the age 18. What is most disturbing is the steady rise in the numbers of teenagers, some of them as young as 14 or 15 years. Out of the 1000 teenagers who smoke, at least 500 have been found to die of tobacco-related diseases. In USA, the drop in smoking has been attributed to a number of reasons a growing awareness about the health-damaging effects of smoking, rising cigarette prices, rising cigarette taxes, aggressive anti-smoking campaigns and a decline in the social acceptability of smoking. Disastrous Effects of Smoking Smoking predisposes to oral, lung, and other cancers. Smokers are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure and to experience a heart-attack or stroke. Smokers are also at increased risk of disturbances ranging from dental caries to osteoporosis. Women smokers are more likely to have abortions. Their children are more likely to have behavioral disorders. Non-smokers, who regularly inhale cigarette smoke, also suffer higher medical risk. A study of half a million Americans who were followed-up for an average of nine years, showed that the risk of death was doubled in smokers. *As many as 2200 Indians stop smoking every day by dying. Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world. Forty percent of the cancer detected in India, is because of tobacco use. With every cigarette, you ingest a staggering 4700 chemicals, 42 carcinogens or cancer-causing substance. One cigarette and one beedi reduce seven minutes of your life. Approximately Rs.27000 crores in terms of healthcare costs and lost productively. One packet of Pan Parrag or Hans reduces four minutes of your life. It causes sexual impotency in men, miscarriage and infertility in women, wrinkled skin, stained teeth, bad odour, mouth ulceration and difficulty in swallowing. Every organ in the body is affected from head to toe, especially the brain, lungs and heart attacks, chronic cough and lung disease, worsened condition of diabetes, blood pressure and lower stamina. Babies born to mothers who smoke can be sicker, die suddenly, or have more infections of the middle ear, coughing and wheezing. Tobacco-related causes lead, every year in India, to 20000 amputations besides frightening diseases like lung/oral cancer, stroke and heart problems and over eight lakh deaths compared to 60000 from road accidents. Cause problems to family, friends and co-workers from the smoke from the cigarette exposing them to the same dangers. This is called second hand smoking. Therefore, it is quite evident that smoking is a serious problem India is facing today esp. the youth of India. Target Segment As mentioned earlier, females generally start smoking in their late teens. So, my campaign would be targeting the girls who are in the age group of 16-24 years. Attitude towards Smoking Young women who smoke experience very few noticeable side effects (well nothing serious enough to motivate quitting en masse), not only do they lack the motivation to quit; they are also extraordinarily adept at creating loopholes to escape antismoking messages directed at them. An analysis of various research showed that the three main loopholes were: Smoking is just one of the many risks in life Young smokers make a distinction between immediate, personal reasons for giving up and more remote, official reasons such as long term health risks (e.g. lung cancer) which seem less relevant. The risks of smoking are too far in the future to worry about now Young smokers have no meaningful sense of their own mortality and live very much in the here and now. Antismoking messages are redundant everybody knows smoking is  bad for you To be effective, the antismoking message must feel like new news. Planning the Anti-Smoking Campaigns The planner had to infiltrate the world of the young female smoker to find a new angle, but how? We needed to work from the inside out, our starting point being our target, from its own point of view. We would find our targets weak spot and then find a weapon to match a relevant short term negative effect of smoking that would hit them where it would have the most effect. Teenwatching For several months, the planner would watch the targets programmes and movies, read their magazines, frequented their hang out spots and shopped where they shopped. Part of this planners method research included teenwatching (i.e. observing and interacting with our target in its own environment, as one of them) in various McDonalds on Saturday afternoons. Interviews with editors of leading young womens magazines An important and intimate relationship exists between young womens magazines and their readers. These magazines act almost as best friend and offer discussion and advice on everything from what to wear and how to pull to body image and emotional problems. For the lowdown on how to get even closer to our target, the planner would grill the editors of magazines with large (female) youth profiles. Strategy positioning research We need to find a credible, relevant and persuasive message that communicated a short term negative effect of smoking. The key insight of our targets weak spot As a result of the above, three key points became clear: There is no scope for even a hint of a prescriptive just say no antismoking message. This group, young women, will only respond to messages that offer (or seem to offer) them an informed choice. This is part of their assertion of independence and their rejection of anything that comes from people who patronise them and couldnt possibly understand what it means to be them. Appearance (and from this, positive self-esteem, boys, sex and peer  group acceptance) is the key preoccupation Young women are extremely concerned about their appearance (real and perceived). When it comes to their appearance (skincare, make up, clothes, hair etc ) this group seem to be trains potters of the first order. They are information hungry and, when reading their magazines, they are willing to plough through acres of pictures, diagrams and juicy detail to discover whats new and true in the world of skincare, hair care and overall image creation. Credible information learned here passes into the grapevine and can very quickly become received wisdom within the peer group. Young womens positive associations with smoking (aside from peer group acceptance) are mainly to do with appearance: When you smoke you look sophisticated, quietly confident, a bit sexy, alluring and more like an adult The spectre of post quitting weight gain was, for many young women, seen as more relevant and immediate than cancer. Cancer may happen in the future, you cant see it but the weight you can see it now and you have to live with it We would have to talk to these girls about something that was genuinely important to them now (not just what we think should be important to them)their looks. An approach that exploits our targets insecurities about their appearance, using the scientific language of cosmetics, could work Young female smokers believe that the short term negative effects on appearance caused by smoking is just not credible because, unsurprisingly, they could not see any adverse effects taking place now. I propose a hypothesis that a credible but scary fact (smoking makes your skin thinner true but probably unusable because everyone in this rather small medical study was over 50 years old) would capture our targets imagination and create a cause for concern where there previously was none (cf. messages from cosmetics manufacturers re: large pores, toxins in the skin, blackheads and sun cream). Sure enough, many of the girls would take the skin thinness story. I believe girls would internalise the story and gave it their own meanings that were relevant to them now and that tapped into their own individual anxieties about the appearance of their skin. There was a great deal of familiarity with a wide range of scientific skincare terms (e.g. antioxidants, aminoacids, toxins etc) which was not particularly surprising given this groups obsession and information hunger with regards to appearance, in general, and skincare specifically. This is the language of cosmetics that cosmetics manufacturers use to sell these girls more and more skin, hair and body products. Each new product requires its own story filled with scientific language to lend it credibility. The Story Every cigarette contains 4000 toxins, many of which the blood stream carries straight into the structure of the skin. The toxins in cigarette smoke cause the blood vessels in the top layers of the skin to constrict thus reducing the blood supply there.  It is the reduced blood supply which causes a reduction in the availability of oxygen (which is necessary for all living cells) and the removal of waste products, dead skin fragments, etc which provides the necessary environment for skin regeneration. This would be scary stuff to the average young woman who spends much of her time and money on a skincare regime worthy of Cleopatra herself (face packs, cleansing, exfoliating, toning and moisturising). The creative brief My proposition for the campaign is: Every cigarette you smoke is having a detrimental effect on your looks now. Smoking makes younger you look older The picture above clearly captures the side effects of smoking on the beauty of a girl. Creative Development research Three key points relevant to the campaign are: In order to attract the attention of our rather discriminating target, the visuals used had to be of intrinsic interest to them. It is not enough to use long scientific copy to imitate the language of cosmetics. In order to be relevant the copy should be succinct and, to create the same excitement that good cosmetics ads do, it must adopt the aspirational Clinique approach of top skincare scientists at the cutting edge rather than that of an ordinary G.P., a grey, health expert. A tone that is too jokey, cleverclever, discursive or ironic would undermine the credibility of the message. Refining the creative work We stuck with the idea and the creative team used the learnings from research to present our story in a way that was a shorthand, communicating effectively in a language (the language of cosmetics) that our target understood immediately and was already highly responsive to: Four single page print ads in the style of a high quality cosmetics ad campaign but with cigarettes and cigarette ash sullying typical skincare / cosmetic products (facepack, skin cream, translucent powder and a make up brush).1 The final media strategy We worked extremely closely with our media team and when we saw the finished ads glossy, beautiful, instant fix we decided that not only were we going to use magazines, for the reasons outlined above, but we were also going to use posters in the London Underground because: Although the Underground is not a beauty environment per se, many cosmetics brands advertise there and so there was a natural fit with our faux cosmetics campaign. You cant smoke on the tube and so cigarettes are often top of mind for many smokers when they travel on the Underground. A grim reality strategy of getting to our target when they are feeling lousy e.g. early in the morning. Have we hit the mark? Qualitative research commissioned by the HEA showed that by using the language of cosmetics, and also the glamour and simple gloss of the best cosmetics advertisements, the message was found to be believable and extremely relevant. These ads were found to be an appropriate counter to the sophisticated image the tobacco industry and the movie / fashion world currently give cigarettes. Quantitative ad tracking showed a 20% increase in the number of 16 24 year olds who claim to have seen advertising with an antismoking message (excluding nicotine replacement treatments). 84% of the smokers that had seen the ads felt that they were aimed specifically at them and almost two thirds said that the ads had encouraged them to think about giving up. With these ads, we have achieved our goal of inspiring, in our target, the beginnings of meaningful motivation to quit through engendering a sense of identification, instilling a sense of urgency and blocking off escape routes. Journalists too have followed our lead and magazines and newspapers now run stories about smoking affecting young girls looks (4000 toxins etc) as if it were received wisdom.2 The planner used her wits (and a bit of method in her madness) to find a way (literally) under the otherwise impenetrable skins of young women who smoke. Conclusion Planning contributed to highly successful creative work by: Redefining the role for advertising Using method planning, as a complement to conventional research, to find a critical new consumer insight which changed the way we positioned our antismoking message Providing crucial ammunition for creatives by discovering certain key facts to create a new, relevant story about the effects of smoking Using research to refine the creative work and to encourage intelligent media implementation
Monday, August 19, 2019
American Antislavery 1820-1860 :: History African Americans Essays
American Antislavery 1820-1860 missing works cited The antebellum American antislavery movement began in the 1820s and was sustained over 4 decades by organizations, publications, and small acts of resistance that challenged the legally protected and powerful institution of slavery and the more insidious enemy of black equality, racism. Abolitionists were always a radical minority even in the free states of the North, and the movement was never comprised of a single group of people with unified motivations, goals, and methods. Rather, the movement was fraught with ambiguity over who its leaders would be, how they would go about fighting the institution of slavery, and what the future would be like for black Americans. Some of the persisting goals of antislavery activism were legal emancipation, aid to runaway slaves through vigilance groups and the Underground Railroad, civil rights for freed blacks in the north, and education, suffrage, and economic advancement for African-Americans. Perhaps the most unifying ideal of the anti-slavery movement was that the racial basis for American slavery could be undermined by promoting Christian values, education and economic progress among free blacks to show that they were capable of succeeding as individuals in an integrated American society. Richard Allen, leader of the A.M.E. church, stated the case for black progress as an answer to the justifications of slaveholders: â€Å"if we are lazy and idol, the enemies of freedom plead it as a cause why we ought not to be free.†In addition to the connection between abolition and economic and social progress, most abolitionists worked for the assurance of civil rights and legal protection for free blacks, who lived in an anomalous condition of â€Å"freedom†without citizenship and with constant threat of discrimination, violence, and abduction to be sold into slavery. There were some bitter conflicts over specific strategies. Though Garrison and most blacks favored immediate abolition, many whites continued to prefer or express willingness to settle for gradual emancipation. Violent resistance was at first rejected by many, again under the influence of Garrison, but David Walker’s appeal that violence should be used against slavery became more popular as blacks and abolitionists searched for an effective means of self-defense against mobs and pursuit of civil rights. Whether or not individuals worked within the political framework of the constitution to effect change again depended on allegiance to Garrison, and in general the early antislavery activists preferred moral arguments while later leaders were more willing to use political means.
Southern Innfluences In A ROSE For Emily :: essays research papers
William Faulkner’s classic short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily,†has been noted as an excellent example of Southern literature. Southern literature can be defined as literature about the South, written by authors who were reared in the South. Characteristics of southern literature are the importance of family, sense of community, importance of religion, importance of time, of place, and of the past, and use of Southern voice and dialect. Most of the novels are written as a Southerner actually speaks. Many books also describe the historical importance of the Southern town. William Faulkner was a twentieth century American author who won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Most famous for his novel The Sound and the Fury, Faulkner defines Southern literature. In his mythical county of Yaknapatawpha, Faulkner contrasted the past with the present era. The past was represented in Emily Grierson, Colonel Sartoris, the Board of Alderman, and the Negro servant. Homer Barron, the new Board of Alderman, and the new sheriff represented the present. Homer was the main representative of Yankee views towards the Griersons and the entire South, a situation of the present. Emily held the view of the past as if it were a rose-tinted place where nothing would ever die. Her world was already the past. Whenever the modern times were about to take hold of her, she retreated to that world of the past, and took Homer with her. Her room upstairs was that place, a place where Emily could stay with dead Homer forever as though no death nor disease could separate them. Homer had lived in the present, and Emily eventually conquered that. Emily’s family was a monument of the past; Emily herself was referred to as a â€Å"fallen monument.†She was a relic of Southern gentility and past values. She had been considered fallen because she had been proven susceptible to death and decay like the rest of the world. As for the importance of family, Emily was really close to her father. He was very protective of her and extremely dominating. The entire town had a tableau of the two of them, Miss Emily was a slender figure in white in the background, and her father was a sprawled figure in the foreground, his back defensively turned to her and clutching a horsewhip with the dark boundary of the door framing them. The town also believed the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were.
Sunday, August 18, 2019
Plaths arrival Of The Bee Box :: essays research papers
The Troubled Consciousness of Sylvia Plath as seen in â€Å"The Arrival of the Bee Box†          In the poem, â€Å"The Arrival of the Bee Box,†Sylvia Plath uses a metaphor to represent the darker aspects of the subconscious that are leaking into her conscious mind:                The box is locked, it is dangerous.                I have to live with it overnight                And I can’t keep away from it.                There are no windows, so I can’t see what is in there.                There is only a little grid, no exit. It is inevitable that Plath will need to face the bees that lie in the box. She is â€Å"appalled†at the thought of letting them out. She says â€Å"I am no source of honey/So why should they turn on me,†but she is still clearly convinced that they pose a threat. She suggests that the bees taken separately would not be too difficult to handle, but that now they are like a â€Å"Roman mob†and could kill her. Plath emphasizes the fact that she has â€Å"ordered†this box in the first and fifth stanzas. This suggests that she knew she would have to deal with what the bee box represents.      The bees that are locked up in the box symbolize the swarming and potentially destructive chaos that Plath can feel within herself. The bees have the ability to inflict pain on her and sting her. She longs to take control over the bees to save herself from any more pain. In the fifth stanza Plath does assert dominance over the bees in the box: â€Å"They can die, I need feed them nothing, I am the owner.†She is trying to convince herself of her own strength by placing herself in a position of power.      There is a correlation between the bees and her father. Her father Otto Plath was an expert on insects--especially bees. The whole series of bee poems relates to her father (like â€Å"The Bee Keeper’s Daughter†). If the bees are locked in the box, then much of what she is feeling is connected to her father. Perhaps she is trying to place herself in control of the troubling memory of her father. Plath needs to confront her feelings of abandonment and despondency. The description of the box as â€Å"dark†in the third stanza further implies that part of what she must deal with inside of the box is related to him. In â€Å"Daddy†Bishop refers to her father’s â€Å"fat black heart.†She also refers to him as the â€Å"man in black†or the â€Å"black man†in other poems. Plaths arrival Of The Bee Box :: essays research papers The Troubled Consciousness of Sylvia Plath as seen in â€Å"The Arrival of the Bee Box†          In the poem, â€Å"The Arrival of the Bee Box,†Sylvia Plath uses a metaphor to represent the darker aspects of the subconscious that are leaking into her conscious mind:                The box is locked, it is dangerous.                I have to live with it overnight                And I can’t keep away from it.                There are no windows, so I can’t see what is in there.                There is only a little grid, no exit. It is inevitable that Plath will need to face the bees that lie in the box. She is â€Å"appalled†at the thought of letting them out. She says â€Å"I am no source of honey/So why should they turn on me,†but she is still clearly convinced that they pose a threat. She suggests that the bees taken separately would not be too difficult to handle, but that now they are like a â€Å"Roman mob†and could kill her. Plath emphasizes the fact that she has â€Å"ordered†this box in the first and fifth stanzas. This suggests that she knew she would have to deal with what the bee box represents.      The bees that are locked up in the box symbolize the swarming and potentially destructive chaos that Plath can feel within herself. The bees have the ability to inflict pain on her and sting her. She longs to take control over the bees to save herself from any more pain. In the fifth stanza Plath does assert dominance over the bees in the box: â€Å"They can die, I need feed them nothing, I am the owner.†She is trying to convince herself of her own strength by placing herself in a position of power.      There is a correlation between the bees and her father. Her father Otto Plath was an expert on insects--especially bees. The whole series of bee poems relates to her father (like â€Å"The Bee Keeper’s Daughter†). If the bees are locked in the box, then much of what she is feeling is connected to her father. Perhaps she is trying to place herself in control of the troubling memory of her father. Plath needs to confront her feelings of abandonment and despondency. The description of the box as â€Å"dark†in the third stanza further implies that part of what she must deal with inside of the box is related to him. In â€Å"Daddy†Bishop refers to her father’s â€Å"fat black heart.†She also refers to him as the â€Å"man in black†or the â€Å"black man†in other poems.
Saturday, August 17, 2019
Deception Point Page 111
Rachel blushed, her skin tingling. â€Å"Thanks.†The agent led Rachel down the impeccably appointed hallway to a plain-looking doorway nearby. â€Å"The Lincoln Bedroom,†the agent said. â€Å"And as I am always supposed to say outside this door, ‘Sleep well, and beware of ghosts.'†Rachel nodded. The legends of ghosts in the Lincoln Bedroom were as old as the White House itself. It was said that Winston Churchill had seen Lincoln's ghost here, as had countless others, including Eleanor Roosevelt, Amy Carter, actor Richard Dreyfuss, and decades of maids and butlers. President Reagan's dog was said to bark outside this door for hours at a time. The thoughts of historical spirits suddenly made Rachel realize what a sacred place this room was. She felt suddenly embarrassed, standing there in her long football jersey, bare-legged, like some college coed sneaking into a boy's room. â€Å"Is this kosher?†she whispered to the agent. â€Å"I mean this is the Lincoln Bedroom.†The agent winked. â€Å"Our policy on this floor is ‘Don't ask, don't tell.'†Rachel smiled. â€Å"Thanks.†She reached for the door-knob, already feeling the anticipation of what lay beyond. â€Å"Rachel!†The nasal voice carried down the hallway like a buzz saw. Rachel and the agent turned. Corky Marlinson was hobbling toward them on crutches, his leg now professionally bandaged. â€Å"I couldn't sleep either!†Rachel slumped, sensing her romantic tryst about to disintegrate. Corky's eyes inspected the cute Secret Service agent. He flashed her a broad smile. â€Å"I love women in uniform.†The agent pulled aside her blazer to reveal a lethal-looking sidearm. Corky backed off. â€Å"Point taken.†He turned to Rachel. â€Å"Is Mike awake, too? You going in?†Corky looked eager to join the party. Rachel groaned. â€Å"Actually, Corky†¦ â€Å" â€Å"Dr. Marlinson,†the Secret Service agent intervened, pulling a note from her blazer. â€Å"According to this note, which was given to me by Mr. Tolland, I have explicit orders to escort you down to the kitchen, have our chef make you anything you want, and ask you to explain to me in vivid detail how you saved yourself from certain death by†¦ †the agent hesitated, grimacing as she read the note again. â€Å"†¦ by urinating on yourself?†Apparently, the agent had said the magic words. Corky dropped his crutches on the spot and put an arm around the woman's shoulders for support, and said, â€Å"To the kitchen, love!†As the indisposed agent helped Corky hobble off down the hall, Rachel had no doubt Corky Marlinson was in heaven. â€Å"The urine is the key,†she heard him saying, â€Å"because those damned telencephalon olfactory lobes can smell everything!†The Lincoln Bedroom was dark when Rachel entered. She was surprised to see the bed empty and untouched. Michael Tolland was nowhere to be seen. An antique oil lamp burned near the bed, and in the soft radiance, she could barely make out the Brussels carpet†¦ the famous carved rosewood bed†¦ the portrait of Lincoln's wife, Mary Todd†¦ even the desk where Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. As Rachel closed the door behind her, she felt a clammy draft on her bare legs. Where is he? Across the room, a window was open, the white organza curtains billowing. She walked over to close the window, and an eerie whisper murmured from the closet. â€Å"Maaaarrrrrrrry†¦ â€Å" Rachel wheeled. â€Å"Maaaaaarrrrrrrry?†the voice whispered again. â€Å"Is that you?†¦ Mary Todd Liiiiiincoln?†Rachel quickly closed the window and turned back toward the closet. Her heart was racing, although she knew it was foolish. â€Å"Mike, I know that's you.†â€Å"Noooooo†¦ †the voice continued. â€Å"I am not Mike†¦ I am†¦ Aaaaabe.†Rachel put her hands on her hips. â€Å"Oh, really? Honest Abe?†A muffled laugh. â€Å"Moderately honest Abe†¦ yes.†Rachel was laughing now too. â€Å"Be afraaaaaaid,†the voice from the closet moaned. â€Å"Be veeeeeery afraid.†â€Å"I'm not afraid.†â€Å"Please be afraid†¦ †the voice moaned. â€Å"In the human species, the emotions of fear and sexual arousal are closely linked.†Rachel burst out laughing. â€Å"Is this your idea of a turn-on?†â€Å"Forgiiiive me†¦ †the voice moaned. â€Å"It's been yeeeeeeears since I've been with a woman.†â€Å"Evidently,†Rachel said, yanking the door open. Michael Tolland stood before her with his roguish, lopsided grin. He looked irresistible wearing a pair of navy blue satin pajamas. Rachel did a double take when she saw the presidential seal emblazoned on his chest. â€Å"Presidential pajamas?†He shrugged. â€Å"They were in the drawer.†â€Å"And all I had was this football jersey?†â€Å"You should have chosen the Lincoln Bedroom.†â€Å"You should have offered!†â€Å"I heard the mattress was bad. Antique horsehair.†Tolland winked, motioning to a gift-wrapped package on a marble-topped table. â€Å"This'll make it up to you.†Rachel was touched. â€Å"For me?†â€Å"I had one of the presidential aides go out and find this for you. Just arrived. Don't shake it.†She carefully opened the package, extracting the heavy contents. Inside was a large crystal bowl in which were swimming two ugly orange goldfish. Rachel stared in confused disappointment. â€Å"You're joking, right?†â€Å"Helostoma temmincki,†Tolland said proudly. â€Å"You bought me fish?†â€Å"Rare Chinese kissing fish. Very romantic.†â€Å"Fish are not romantic, Mike.†â€Å"Tell that to these guys. They'll kiss for hours.†â€Å"Is this supposed to be another turn-on?†â€Å"I'm rusty on the romance. Can you grade me on effort?†â€Å"For future reference, Mike, fish are definitely not a turn-on. Try flowers.†Tolland pulled a bouquet of white lilies from behind his back. â€Å"I tried for red roses,†he said, â€Å"but I almost got shot sneaking into the Rose Garden.†As Tolland pulled Rachel's body against his and inhaled the soft fragrance of her hair, he felt years of quiet isolation dissolving inside him. He kissed her deeply, feeling her body rise against him. The white lilies fell to their feet, and barriers Tolland had never known he'd built were suddenly melting away. The ghosts are gone. He felt Rachel inching him toward the bed now, her whisper soft in his ear. â€Å"You don't really think fish are romantic, do you?†â€Å"I do,†he said, kissing her again. â€Å"You should see the jellyfish mating ritual. Incredibly erotic.†Rachel maneuvered him onto his back on the horsehair mattress, easing her slender body down on top of his. â€Å"And seahorses†¦,†Tolland said, breathless as he savored her touch through the thin satin of his pajamas. â€Å"Seahorses perform†¦ an unbelievably sensual dance of love.†â€Å"Enough fish talk,†she whispered, unbuttoning his pajamas. â€Å"What can you tell me about the mating rituals of advanced primates?†Tolland sighed. â€Å"I'm afraid I don't really do primates.†Rachel shed her football jersey. â€Å"Well, nature boy, I suggest you learn fast.†Epilogue The NASA transport jet banked high over the Atlantic. Onboard, Administrator Lawrence Ekstrom took a last look at the huge charred rock in the cargo hold. Back to the sea, he thought. Where they found you. On Ekstrom's command, the pilot opened the cargo doors and released the rock. They watched as the mammoth stone plummeted downward behind the plane, arcing across the sunlit ocean sky and disappearing beneath the waves in a pillar of silver spray.
Friday, August 16, 2019
Brazil’s Communication Essay
Every country has unique, distinctive ways in which they interrelate and communicate with each other within their country. A country’s means of communication can be verbalized through verbal, non-verbal, and interpersonal communication channels. In the country of Brazil most people are not Hispanic but Latino, although many immigrant communities are from Europe, Africa, and Japan. The official language spoken in Brazil is Portuguese; however, Spanish, English, and French are other languages that are also spoken in Brazil. When greeting they expect a firm handshake with strong eye contact. When doing business in Brazil don’t be taken aback if they stand very close to you when speaking. Moving away may be interpreted as rejection. Brazil also uses many forms of non verbal communication. Much of this body language is comprised of culturally derived behaviors. When speaking to one another, it is not normal to take turns speaking. People will interrupt a conversation and will often speak at the same time as their peers. Another verbal communication pattern that Brazil practices is using first names when addressing a person. Also, one’s tone of voice is often high pitched when conversing with one another. Although daily conversation is conducted in a louder voice, it is not meant to express anger or hostility to anybody. In addition, verbal communication in Brazil is viewed as being theatrical and overly animated by other countries who are more reserved. In Brazil, physical appearance and surroundings are important and provide visual cues as to one’s status and tone of conversations. In many Latin countries, communication tends to be predominately oral rather than through written word. However, from the business aspect, when sending something in written format it is usually a good idea to follow up with a phone call or a visit in person. Over the last two decades, the telecom industry world over has grown and evolved at an incredible pace and has significantly changed the way people interact. Brazil Telecom offers long distance telecommunications services hrough some 8,034 million lines and 281,800 public telephones to customers in Brazil. Oi Telecom, formerly known as Telemar is the largest telecommunications company in Brazil, it was established in 2008 and has become the biggest company in Brazil on the Telecommunications sector. This company is present in 4600 cities in Brazil and it has influenced the price drop in the national level of the same services offered by competitors due to strength of its operations in the country.
Thursday, August 15, 2019
Banana Fibre Manual
Waste to Wealth : Craft Development Using Banana Fibre A PEOPLE’S MANUAL WASTE TO WEALTH : CRAFT DEVELOPMENT USING BANANA FIBRE CAPRE FOUNDATION | Page 1 www. caprefoundation. org A People’s Manual Waste to Wealth : Craft Development Using Banana Fibre About CAPRE Foundation CAPRE Foundation is a non-profit, voluntary organization registered in 1999 under Section 21 of the Societies Registrations Act, 1860. It was founded by grass roots people including tribals with a social conscience to work for socio-economic, cultural and educational upliftment of marginalized/underprivileged people.The foundation has been actively involved in social concerns such as sustainable livelihood, health and non formal education and is working on development programmes in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and Delhi. Mission Creating Awareness Programs to promote development as a liberating force aimed at inclusivity, social justice, economic growth and selfreliance for the upl iftment of rural marginalized and underprivileged people. Vision To create global awareness about the exclusion that underprivileged people suffer in India together with becoming a leading organization in transparency, good governance and best practice ________, Editor  © CAPRE Foundation, Allahabad Address Registered Office : 24 Strachey Road Civil Lines Dist. – Allahabad – 211001 (UP) Field Office : Professor’s Colony, Near Manavi, Shiv Pahar, Dumka – 814101, Jharkhand E-mail : [email protected] com Website : www. caprefoundation. org Printed By : Page 2 A People’s Manual Waste to Wealth : Craft Development Using Banana Fibre Contents The Tree The Fibre Fibre Extraction Characteristics of Banana fibre Applications of Banana fibre Cost Benefit Analysis CAPRE Foundation ‘s efforts promote banana fibre craft A few products being developed by CAPRE Foundation 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 9Page 3 A People’s Manual Waste to Wealth : Craft Developmen t Using Banana Fibre The tree Banana is the common name for herbaceous plants of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce. Bananas come in a variety of sizes and colors when ripe, including yellow, purple, and red. Almost all modern edible parthenocarpic bananas come from the two wild species Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana. The scientific names of bananas are Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana or hybrids Musa acuminata ? balbisiana, depending on their genomic constitution.The old scientific names Musa sapientum and Musa paradisiaca are no longer used. The major banana producing states of India are Tamilnadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Assam and Madhya Pradesh. The Fibre Banana plant not only gives the delicious fruit but it also provides textile fiber, the banana fiber. It grows easily as it sets out young shoots and is most commonly found in hot tropical climates. All varieties of banana plants have fibers in abundance. These fibers are obtained after th e fruit is harvested and fall in the group of bast fibers.This plant has long been a good source for high quality textiles in many parts of the world including India. After the fruit and the leaves are harvested, the bark of the tree is used which otherwise would have gone waste. The fibre is extracted from the bark of the tree which is the mother of so many beautiful handcrafted banana fibre products. Page 4 A People’s Manual Waste to Wealth : Craft Development Using Banana Fibre The banana fibre is composed of cellulose – 62%, lignin – 29%, hemicellulose 3%, rectin – 2%, miscellaneous – 4%. By-products of the fibre are : fabrics, ags, various types of mats, interior decoration items, window blinds, cushion covers, bolster covers, table lamps and folders, to name a few. The products are completely eco-friendly and bio-degradable. There is no consumption of electricity while making the products as it is made on the handlooms. Also, no chemicals are used in the manufacture. It is an excellent substitute for plastic and paper. Fibre Extraction Banana Fiber is extracted from Banana tree bark. The trunk is peeled. Browngreen skin is thrown away retaining the cleaner or white portion which will be processed into knotted fibers.The fibers are extracted through hand extraction machine composed of either serrated or non serrated knives. The peel is clamped between the wood plank and knife and hand-pulled through, removing the resinous material. The extracted fibers are sun-dried which whitens the fiber. Once dried, the fibers are ready for knotting. A bunch of fibers are mounted or clamped on a stick to facilitate segregation. Each fiber is separated according to fiber sizes and grouped accordingly. To knot the fiber, each fiber is separated and knotted to the end of another fiber manually.The separation and knotting is repeated until bunches of unknotted fibers are finished to form a long continuous strand. This fiber can now be use d for making various products. Characteristics of Banana fibre Banana fiber is a natural bast fiber. It has its own physical and chemical characteristics and many other properties that make it a fine quality fiber. ? Appearance of banana fiber is similar to that of bamboo fiber and ramie fiber, but its fineness and spinnability is better than the two. ? The chemical composition of banana fiber is cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.Page 5 A People’s Manual Waste to Wealth : Craft Development Using Banana Fibre ? It is highly strong fiber. ? It has smaller elongation. ? It has somewhat shiny appearance depending upon the extraction & spinning process. ? It is light weight. ? It has strong moisture absorption quality. It absorbs as well as releases moisture very fast. ? It is bio-degradable and has no negative effect on environment and thus can be categorized as eco-friendly fiber. ? Its average fineness is 2400Nm. ? It can be spun through almost all the methods of spinning in cluding ring spinning, open-end spinning, bast iber spinning, and semi-worsted spinning among others. Applications of Banana fibre In the recent past, banana fiber had a very limited application and was primarily used for making items like ropes, mats, and some other composite materials. With the increasing environmental awareness and growing importance of eco-friendly fabrics, banana fiber has also been recognized for all its good qualities and now its application is increasing in other fields too such as apparel garments and home furnishings. Banana fiber is also used to make fine cushion covers, Necties, bags, table cloths, curtains etc.Rugs made from banana silk yarn fibers are also very popular world over. Different applications of the fibre are – ? Banana fibre has great potentialities for paper making special demand of Hand made paper. ? Its fibre has used like rope, mats and other composite materials. ? Banana fibre has recognined for apparels and home furnishings. Pa ge 6 A People’s Manual Waste to Wealth : Craft Development Using Banana Fibre ? Polypropylene reinforced with banana fibre is used by automobile companies for making underfloor protection panels in luxurious cars like Mercedes. Banana fibre mostly used in making handicrafts and home decorative. ? Composite material of banana fibre used in building boards and fire resistance boards. ? Banana fibre is making products like paper bags, filter paper, greeting cards, decorative papers, pen stands, lamp stand and many more. ? Banana fibre in used currency notes in Germany and trial run in India also. ? During the research, it was found that paper made out of this fiber has shelf life of over 100 years as it is the strongest of the long fibres ever found amidst natural fibres.It can be folded for as many as 3,000 times. It can used currency and value-able documents like manuscript document preserver (Pundulipies). Cost benefit analysis (These costs are average estimates) Input cost: Nil Fixed Cost: Fibre Extraction Machine : Rs. 40,000 Variable cost: Plant cutting and useable raw material cost (Rs/acre): 3000 Labour cost (Rs/ month): 5000 Electricity charges (Rs/month): 1000 Other charges (Rs/months): 1000 Total cost (Rs/month): 10000 Output : Income from banana fibre (Rs/ Acre): 8000 Income from banana ibre (Rs/month): 16000 Income from Manure (Rs/Acre waste): 2000 Page 7 A People’s Manual Waste to Wealth : Craft Development Using Banana Fibre Total income: 18000 Net Income Rs : Output- Input : 8000 CAPRE Foundation ‘s efforts promote banana fibre craft The latest innovative idea being pushed by CAPRE Foundation is teaching women how to produce banana fiber and craft items from this fiber in Shankargarh and Kaurihar II block in Allahabad district with collaboration from Eco Green Unit of Coimbatore.Considerable work has been done in the field of direct use and product development from banana fruits. However, not much attention has been focused on effective utilization of the huge biomass generated in the form of pseudostem, leaves, suckers etc. In India, presently this biomass is dumped on roadside or burnt or left in situ causing detrimental impact on environment. Though, the technologies for extraction of fibres and paper making from pseudostem are available, not much has been done in northern India in this regard whilst Southern India is the leader in banana fibre craft.Capre Foundation has taken the lead and in collaboration with ECO GREEN UNIT from Coimbatore. However, there exists a vast potential of extracting fibres from pseudostem and using the fibre in making craft such as coasters, mats rugs wall hangings which CAPRE is already implementing with an effective marketing strategy in place with 100 per cent buy back by Eco Green Unit in Coimbatore. Page 8 A People’s Manual Waste to Wealth : Craft Development Using Banana Fibre A few products being developed by CAPRE Foundation Page 9 A People’s Manual
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