Copyright Infringement Essay - 788 Words

Copyright infringement is the unauthorized use of copyrighted material in a manner that violates one of the copyright owners exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce or perform the copyrighted work, or to make derivative works that build upon it. For electronic and audio-visual media, unauthorized reproduction and distribution is often referred to as piracy (however there is no legal basis for this and indeed in one US copyright lawsuit the judge ordered the plaintiffs legal team to stop using the term). This may occur through organized black market reproduction and distribution channels, sometimes with blatantly open commercial sale (as along the sidewalks of Manhattans notorious Canal Street), or through purely private†¦show more content†¦Many infringement claims involve simple cases of copyright infringement where the copying is obvious. Others, however, are more difficult to resolve because copyright protection is not limited to exact copying. It is inevitable that creative and commercial works will take inspiration from the culture at large, and it is often challenging to determine when this inspiration has crossed the line into infringement. There also may be a question of whether the allegedly infringed work is even protected by copyright. Unprotected works may include, for example, compilations of facts that lack the requisite creativity to be covered by copyright, or those works that are in the public domain because the copyright term expired. Copyright notices—often just a simple statement on the work itself of the year protection was acquired and by whom—are not always a good indication of whether or not a work is protected because most countries do not require such formalities, and so lack of notice does not mean lack of protection. Courts may also subsequently decide in the context of an infringement suit that the work did not meet the minimum criteria for copyright protection, even if the work had been previously registered by a government copyright agency. However, copyright notices give at least some indication of who to contact if permission isShow MoreRelatedCopyright Infringement is Immoral1165 Words   |  5 Pagesmusic without paying for it is so easy it barely seems illegal. Copyright infringement is a huge ethical issue going on right now. From downloading movies and music from peer-to-peer programs as well as various websites to being able to stream a movie at the click of a button without a c opy ever being saved on the computer its so simple, anyone could get addicted to doing it. For some of these reasons many argue that copyright infringement is a moral thing to do, but on the other hand others believeRead MoreThe Infringement Of The Copyright Infringement761 Words   |  4 Pages1) Does that forwarding email institute for copyright infringement: The copyright in an email is determined by its content. Forwarding emails is generally not considered to be a breach of copyright, but, one should carefully consider the nature of the content of the email and whether it is appropriate to forward it, as other legal issues, such as privacy and confidentiality, also apply. According to Copyright Act, it considers sending emails as an act of communication, although, the issue with emailsRead MoreCopyright And Copyright Infringement Trials2263 Words   |  10 Pagesbooks, etc. Many people protect their intellectual by copyrighting their work. Copyrights are trademarks or patents, and give the owners of the work the right to claim their work and protect it from theft. Use or reference of famous work is permitted when it is for â€Å"transformative† or limited use. This work be considered â€Å"fair use† and many copyright infringement trials have been dismissed because of this. Copyrights are an important tool to ensure that copyrighted work that is referenced mentionsRead MoreCopyright Infringement Research Paper4022 Words   |  17 PagesCopyright Infringement Research Paper We are well into the year of 2011 and technology is continuing to advance and a faster and faster rate. As technology advances there continues to be more of an opportunity for things to go wrong. The ability of our society to obtain information has been becoming as easy as it has ever been. I simple line into the google search bar and you are looking at millions upon millions of lings and opportunities to attain information. With this source and hundredsRead MorePatents And Copyright Infringement Trials1971 Words   |  8 Pagestheir intellectual properties through copyrighting it. Copyrights are patents and trademarks, and it gives the owners the right to claim their work and protect it from theft (Intellectial Property Help Desk). Use or reference of famous work is permitted whenn it is transformative or for limited use. This work is considered fair use and many copyright infringement trials have been dismissed because of the fair use doctrine. Copyrights are an important tool to ensure that copyrighted work thatRead MoreNapster : The Problem Of Copyright Infringement981 Words   |  4 Pages Napster had the attention of the Record Industry Association of America (RIAA), and their concerns of Copyright infringement. About a year after its launch, it was sued by the RIAA, which represented major recording companies such as Universal Music, BMG, Sony Music, and Warner Music Group. They claimed that by allowing users to swap free music recordings, Napster’s service violated Copyright laws. Eventually, the judge ruled against Napster forcing them to shut down operations and liquidate itsRead MoreThe Violation Of Copyright Infringement1296 Words   |  6 PagesOn the 26th of June, 2015 the Copyright (Online Infringement) amendment was assented, and came into effect the day after. The laws that this amendment includes aim to allow copyright holders to make requests that online locations hosting their copyrighted content be blocked, regardless of if the websites are hosted on Australian soil or not. The amendment also allows copyright holders to request that the details of piraters be handed over by Internet Service Providers. However, the effectivenessRead More Copyright infringement Essay2649 Words   |  11 PagesCopyright infringement In general terms, copyright provides an author with a tool to protect a work from being taken, used, and exploited by others without permission (Roseoner 1). This is further defined in federal statute 17 U.S.C. Section 106. The owner of the copyrighted work has the exclusive right to authorize any of the following: - to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies - to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work - to distribute copies of the copyrightedRead MoreOwnership And Infringement Of Copyrights2189 Words   |  9 PagesOwnership and Infringement of Copyrights Introduction: Definition and understanding of Copyrights: The legal right that is created by enforcement of law by a country that provides the creator of an original exclusive work rights to use and distribute it, usually for a limited time with the aim of enabling the initiator to get compensation for their intellect work is known as copyright. It is a structure of intellectual property such as trademark, a patent or trade secret etc which is relevant toRead MoreThe Government s Combat On Copyrights Infringement2844 Words   |  12 PagesAgreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Copyright protection is one area that China has made great progress in especially in the entertainment industry. With China’s economy booming, China is consuming an increasing amount of TV shows. However, China’s TV industry suffers from a critical dilemma-the lack of innovations. This research paper will study in depth how the government’s combat on copyrights infringement affect the amount of innovations in the TV industry in China.

Poverty Of The United States - 1607 Words

Iman Boucetta Sociology 103 Final Paper Poverty Although the United States is one of the richest countries in the world some of its people sleep in the streets, dig through garbage cans to find food and carry all that they own in this world on their backs or in shopping carts and these people are called the homeless. Because they have no address or telephone number where an employers can contact them when they fill out a job application, they stay jobless. Others live in poor and bad neighborhoods where public schools are in horrible conditions. They work in temporary or seasonal jobs and these people are called the underclass. Of course we have the working poor, and these are the people who work in low paying jobs but still cannot make ends meet. All of the above tells us that being poor does not mean that the poor people are lazy, stupid, or ignorant. On the contrary, they are very hard working unlucky people because they were born in the lower social class ladder. IShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of The United States1727 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty defined by the American Heritage Dictionary is â€Å"lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts† (Hirokazu Yoshikawa, 2012). Poverty in the United States is an issue that is often times overlooked because the focus of poverty is on developing and struggling countries. People often think America does not experience poverty because it is such a thriving country. The problem with this is that America is indeed struggling with poverty: â€Å"there are currently 488 counties in America whereRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1548 Words   |  7 Pagescitizens in poverty has risen. Several organizations have been set up to help those who suffer from poverty and provide their everyday needs. There are always ways where a community can help eliminate the amount of people suffering poverty. Government has a n influence on how much money flow there is in the United States such as the FED, which was created to help maintain a stable monetary and financial system and control the money supply. People themselves can also help from falling into poverty, butRead MorePoverty Of The United States1408 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people hear the word poverty many people think of the bad connotations that come with it like, smelly homeless people that are crackheads and disease holders. Some people may even think they are uneducated or not hard working enough and rather ask for money instead of trying to get a job. Although a small portion of that may be true to some homeless people due to addictions on drugs and the toll it takes on their lives. The majority of homeless people are either veterans or immigrants, who findRead MorePoverty in the United States755 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in the United States is getting in inferior quality every day and nothing is being done about it. Many people who want to help the poor, but no one knows exactly how to help them. A primary reason for people not taking action is because of lack of information that is provided about issues on poverty. Poverty is defined as the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. According to the U.S. Census Bureau data released Tuesday September 13thRead MorePoverty Of The United States Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty within the United States is defined as â€Å"having an income below a federally determined poverty threshold. † Poverty thresholds were developed by the United States government in the 60s. Over time these thresholds are adjusted to account for inflation; it is typical to adjust the poverty threshold levels annually. They represent the government’s estimate of the point below which a family has insufficient resources to meet their basic needs. Any family with less income than that establishedRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1531 Words   |  7 Pagessuch dialog, topics on the increasing and rather consistent levels of poverty in some regions in America are touched on as well. Poverty is defined as a condition where one’s basics needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met (What Is Poverty? â€Å"). From sea to shining sea, more than 15 percent of the American population live in poverty, a total of people over 46 million. Many who live in poverty within the United States live in areas that were once thriving from the country’s economic growthRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pages The Character of Poverty in America Poverty has always been a key factor in United States History. Ever sense Americas birth there have been groups affected by poverty, but the forms of the poverty that affected these groups have changed as well as the nature of poverty itself in the USA. The abolition of slavery, the forced assimilation of native Americans, and mass immigration changed character of poverty within the united states change due to an evolution from agriculture to industry and a changeRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1746 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is poverty? A question most Americans will not have to think twice before answering. Poverty is, of course, simply a lack of money. The views of a specific person will defer when politics or morals are introduced, however, the idea stays the same. Those in poverty are there because they have less money than what has been decided to be livable. Poverty has changed significantly over the last two hundred years in the United States, and yet, the measuremen t has hardly changed since it was createdRead MorePoverty in the United States1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Background of Poverty in America In the United States, there are about more than forty-six million people living in impoverished conditions today. Poverty is a major conflict issue in this country amongst people who are part of the lower class because American families always had a hard time making ends meet, even before the Great Recession began. Living in poverty puts them at a disadvantage because they have to choose between necessitates like health care, child care, and food in order toRead MorePoverty Of The United States1475 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Poverty in the United States is defined as a social problem. As outlined in the text, a social problem is â€Å"a condition that undermines the well-being of some or all members of a society and is usually a matter of public controversy†. It is easy to see that there is a large economic divide in the United States, but with only a small percentage of people in the highest income stratification and the vast majority struggling to get by, the majority of United States citizens agree that there is too

Technology management in military intelligence Free Essays

The inalterable truth is that many facets of the intelligence community, peculiarly those responsible for procurance of high engineering hardware, remain wedded to the thought of engineering as artifact. The fulcrum of this paper is that engineering direction can be applied to engineering as cognition, and as a procedure of question and action, which has deductions for the development rhythm. Pascale ( 1999 ) argues that to better the success rate of strategic enterprises and attain the degree of reclamation necessary for successful executing, theories associated with complex adaptative systems ( ‘complexity ‘ for short ) need to be considered within a new and developing engineering direction paradigm. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology management in military intelligence or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will therefore explore engineering as cognition and as a procedure of question and action alongside the thoughts associated with complexness, such that the success or failure of intelligence related engineering direction is more to the full understood. 1.1 Background Technology gate keepers operate within a traditional engineering paradigm. Garud and Rappa ( 1991 ) point out that â€Å" rating modus operandis † have a inclination to reenforce an established paradigm and prevent the outgrowth of others. In sing intelligence related engineering direction hence, it will be argued that the emerged menace posed by a complex system of chiefly low tech visionaries, absolutely at easiness with mass targeting, remains a hard construct to counter when utilizing traditional attacks. Following the rules established by Eric Beinhocker ( 1997 ) , it will be argued that intelligence related engineering direction continues to run within a paradigm informed by strategic theories developed in the decennary following World War II. The theories are underpinned by the mathematics of mid-nineteenth century natural philosophies, with associated premises of deterministic cause and consequence which continue to exercise a immense influence ( Pascale, 1999 ) . It will be argued that the attack fails to account for the promotion in apprehension of how the life universe really works when considered from the point of view of complex adaptative systems ; engineering as cognition. This has peculiar resonance for the administration of asymmetric terrorist societal groups which constitute the current and immediate menace which defense mechanism engineering direction seeks to counter. By non accounting for ‘complexity ‘ and how it might be used to understand the kineticss at work within the mark groupings ( engineering as a procedure of question and action ) , this paper will seek to show that engineering procurance will go on to be unnaturally ‘skewed ‘ towards a conventional menace which remains consistent with post-war cause and consequence strategic theory. 1.2 Justification for the research Whilst engineering direction continues to be influenced by station World War II strategic theories concentrating on engineering as artifact, what Garud and Rappa ( 1991 ) identified as thoughts that are institutionalization at the macro degree of shared knowledge will go on to rule. Technological gate-keepers within the MoD will retain out-of-date methods of understanding what engineering direction is, and how it can be applied to counter the current menace. Although there is grounds of complexness theory being applied to such diverse elements as the oil industry ( Pascale, 1999 ) and the doctrine of instruction ( Peters, 2008 ) , there is a spread in cognition of how it might be applied to act upon engineering direction within intelligence related procurance. This paper will research the thought that dynamic equilibrium ( prevailing during the cold war epoch ) no-longer remains a valid theory for intelligence related technological development when sing the menace posed by asymmetric societal-terrorist groups. Equally recent as 2009, Geraint Evans examined intelligence failures in the visible radiation of recent terrorist atrociousnesss. However, his primary probe centred on the application and integrating of intelligence architecture, still concentrating on engineering as artifact, whilst unwittingly reenforcing premises based on 19th century Newtonian natural philosophies and the associated cause and consequence dictat. This is merely one illustration amongst many whereby recent work has sought to turn to incidents of intelligence dislocation, whilst neglecting to place and work what Pascale calls the following large idea- complexness theory. This paper will seek to turn to a cognition spread to categorize asymmetric societal-terrorist groups as complex adaptative systems and the ability to counter the menace through recognizing engineering as cognition and a procedure of question and action. Research will be applied to measure how the apprehension of complex adaptative systems can be used to inform future intelligence related technological direction and development programmes. 1.3 Aim and aims Research purpose: to bring forth recommendations for military intelligence related engineering direction when sing mark groups as complex adaptative systems Aims: critically reexamine the literature to place how complexness theory has been applied to alternative spheres comparison bing definitions of complex adaptative systems with the analysed behavior of asymmetric societal-terrorist groups interview intelligence professionals to find how engineering direction might be impacted when sing mark groups as complex adaptative systems formulate recommendations for intelligence professionals when engineering direction is required to aim complex adaptative systems Chapter 2 Research definition 2.1 Initial reappraisal of the literature The Open University class T840 ‘Technology Management ‘ , underpins the initial research into engineering direction with respect to engineering as cognition and as a procedure of question and action. Whilst seeking to understand how asymmetric societal-terrorist groups might be understood in the visible radiation of complexness theory, Jane Henry in the Open University Course B822 ‘Creativity, Innovation A ; Change ‘ provides a utile get downing point in understanding the background to complexness theory. The current business with intelligence failure, in the visible radiation of recent terrorist atrociousnesss, has led to many defense mechanism orientated journal articles covering specifically with military intelligence, and these will be utilized to spread out the research. Evans ( 2009 ) critiques the intelligence rhythm in seeking to understand where failures are happening in the procedure. He discusses the relationship between procedure ( engineering as question and action ) and information ( engineering as cognition ) ; something that is seen as cardinal by Hughes et Al in the the Open University Course T837 ‘Information Focused Systems ‘ . Both Evans and Hughes are fixated by information flow within the context of proficient bearers, viz. Evans discusses runing constructs such as Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance ( ISTAR ) , whilst Hughes et Al explores, at a more elaborate degree, electromagnetic radiation. Nevertheless, the philosophical attack for both has much in common. Whereas Hughes succeeds in discoursing why information systems exist, to pattern the existent universe ; Evans fails to travel beyond an internal review of bing attacks to engineering direction, and finally reverts to covering with en gineering as artefact. This tendency continues in other articles concerned with intelligence failure. In an article less concerned with engineering than with effects, Honig ( 2008 ) discusses why surprise onslaughts continue to go on, but once more does non place something that Hughes in T837 instantly recognizes – engineering related information systems have value merely when they model information content drawn from the environment ( engineering as cognition ) . Of class, it would be artful to propose that Evans and Honig are non cognizant of the operational environment to a greater or lesser extent. Their attack nevertheless does look to be untypical, in that they fail to dispute implicit in premises ; this finally affects how they approach the job of intelligence failure. Pascale ( 1999 ) argues that strategic theories that underpin the principle behind most determination devising procedures today have their roots in the decennary following World War II ; which saw a universe runing within a dynamic equilibrium, codified by the cold war stand-off. Hulnick ( 2006 ) supports this position when discoursing one of the chief vehicles for intelligence appraisal in usage today. The intelligence ‘estimate ‘ ( engineering as cognition ) , Hulnick argues, is a animal of the Cold War, but has its roots in the 1939-45 struggle. The appraisal of beginnings which critique strategic theories will be of import as ultimately theories guide investing. The Open University Course T840 ‘Technology Management ‘ discusses the difference between conventional merchandise and procedure development and the rearward merchandise rhythm. Cited in T840, the Abernathy-Utterbck theoretical account ( 1978 ) identifies that where radical engineering is utilized, development is unstable and prototype invention is high. This paper will analyze grounds which suggests that determination shapers may seek to turn to failures in intelligence by high-end engineering investing, accompanied by high hazard, high cost, and long lead times. Beginnings which challenge the prevalent, underlying strategic premises, from the point of view of understanding mark groupings in the visible radiation of complexness theory, will be assessed by this paper. The rearward merchandise rhythm as described by Barras ( 1986, cited in T840 ) might be seen as a more prudent attack to engineering direction ( when developing artefact ) if the full deductions for complexness theory are realised, with high-end investing utilised merely when the deductions for intelligence related engineering direction are more to the full understood. Whilst reviewing current attacks to intelligence related engineering direction, the usage of beginnings which seek to understand complexness theory will be drawn on. Pascale ( 1999 ) provides a utile background of how complex adaptative systems operate, peculiarly in the oil industry, whilst Peters ( 2008 ) expands on the issues with a more in-depth overview of the deductions for instruction. Pascale ‘s article is of primary importance, as it demonstrates how even high tech administrations like Shell might be viewed as complex adaptative systems. The deductions of this for military intelligence related engineering direction are broad ranging, but will stay outside the range of this research paper. The purpose will be to concentrate on understanding asymmetric societal-terrorist groups as complex adaptative systems merely ; and the associated deductions for military intelligence related engineering direction when sing engineering as cognition and as a procedure of question and action. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Proposed research methods and techniques The research will affect interacting with intelligence professionals. All of these persons, to a greater lesser extent, will hold been, or remain, involved in intelligence related engineering direction in existent universe operational scenarios. Because of the sensitiveness involved, the research will be tightly controlled ( see subdivision 3.4 – Ethical motives ) . The cardinal points of the primary research stage are based on Case Study Research Design and Methods, Third Edition ( Yin, 2003 ) . Primary Research Determine and specify the research range Unstructured and semi-structured interviews will be used. 10 experts will be used to supply information through treatment and suggestion. The complexness of intelligence related engineering direction and vagaries of operational experience will be ill served by the usage of set inquiries. The sensitiveness of the capable affair will prevent questionnaires being issued. Each expert will be asked to take an exemplar instance survey to discourse how ‘complex adaptative systems ‘ might impact intelligence related engineering direction. Determine how to garner the information on the research subject: Face-to-face meetings will be arranged at the respondents topographic point of work, or at a impersonal scene. Personal contacts will be utilised to place the experts from across a scope of operational countries. Phone-calls will be used to put up the meetings ab initio. The consequences will so be collated. Evaluate and analyse the informations: Notes from each interview will be analysed utilizing analytical techniques, to include, but non be limited to: Systems function. Cause A ; Effect schematization. Rich Pictures. Functional dislocation constructions. Flow diagrams. UML modeling ; viz. usage instances. The information will be interpreted in order to reply the purpose and aims of the research. Decisions will be derived with respect to the purpose and aims. Decisions will be derived sing the wider pertinence of the research. Suggestions will be made where farther advancement could be made by go oning the research. Secondary research Reappraisal of the relevant academic literature: An appraisal of the related academic literature is required. Section 2.1 provides an initial literature reappraisal. Section 3.2 identifies extra beginnings identified, but non reviewed in the initial literature reappraisal. The mention list will go on to be developed as the research develops. 3.2 Beginnings of literature and other information The Open University Postgraduate Certificate/Diploma in Technology Management class ( s ) will supply the implicit in beginnings and theoretical attack to research. This will be supplemented chiefly by the Open University online library, which through the initial literature hunt, has proved to keep an copiousness of relevant stuff, peculiarly with respect to complexness theory and military intelligence. The purpose will be to farther addendum the research by pulling on the research installations available at The University of Bristol. The university has an first-class international repute in research. In the latest independent appraisal of research quality ( RAE 2008 ) , over 61 per cent of the research work assessed in 48 research Fieldss at Bristol was awarded either the top 4* evaluation, defined as ‘world taking ‘ , or the 3* evaluation, classified as ‘internationally first-class ‘ . The library services are made available to Open University pupils via the SCONUL Access strategy. Finally, and for completeness, the list below identifies beginnings found during the initial literature hunt, or used during the certification / diploma degree classs, but which have yet to be drawn on. As they have non been quoted, they are non included in the mention subdivision at the terminal of this proposal. Fowles, M. 2004, T846 Technology Strategy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes. Gintis, H. Dec 2006, â€Å" Reappraisal of: The Origin of Wealth: Development, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics † , Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1018-31. Hayden, M.V. Sep/Oct2010, â€Å" The State of the Craft – Is Intelligence Reform Working † , World Affairs, vol. 173, no. 3, pp. 35-48. Martin, John. , Bell, Ros. 2007, â€Å" Pull offing Problems Creatively † in B822 Creativity, Innovation and Change, erectile dysfunction. The Open University, 2nd edn, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, pp. 29-57-71-95. Studeman, C.M. Feb 2009, â€Å" 7 Myths of Intelligence † , U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 64-69. 3.3 Planning and scheduling A Gantt chart has been utilised to exemplify cardinal day of the months for the complete period of research, working at the degree of separate hebdomads. The T802 MSc Research Study Calendar provides a dislocation of the cardinal phases and associated undertakings. These have been transposed onto the Gantt chart below, with cardinal vacation periods ( ruddy saloon ) included for completeness. 3.4 Ethical considerations I have read and understood the ethical considerations, as described in subdivision 7.3 of The Open University Course Guide for the T802 MSc Research Course. All stuff used, will be referenced in the appropriate mode, taking note of the information protection issues that may originate. Where beginning information is non already in the public sphere at the clip of usage for the T802 class, permission will be requested to utilize the stuff in the normal mode. There is a moral duty to sensitively manage the point of views of functioning intelligence professionals in garnering the research information, and non to misapply professional trust built up over many old ages. The information presented will be generic in nature, whilst non mentioning to existent universe operations or capableness, but instead to how engineering direction might be impacted in wide operational footings. Where existent operational experience may be valid to exemplify peculiar points made by the interviewee ; the writer ‘s experience will be drawn on to exemplify the point that is being made. 3.5 Risk appraisal Development of the research stage is low hazard. The structured and semi-structured interviews will be conducted in an office based environment, admiting appropriate consciousness of exigency issues and fire muster points. Site visits are specifically excluded. Chapter 4 Supporting information 4.1 List of old classs T837 Systems technology T840 Technology direction: an integrative attack M883 Software demands for concern systems B822 Creativity, invention and alteration T846 Technology scheme 4.2 Relevance of capable affair to declared grade The proposed research has strong synergism with the declared grade. It draws on many facets of the capable affair discussed in the compulsory faculties. T840 discusses merchandise rhythms and their appropriate application ; a capable really relevant to intelligence related engineering direction. Intelligence related equipment procurance and its rightness to extant mark groupings is at the bosom of this research. Technology scheme ( T846 ) expands on these elements when looking at the assorted schools of scheme that have come to the bow at assorted points in recent history. The relevancy of these to the capable affair, non least the Learning School and the thoughts behind outgrowth and complexness, will be cardinal to understanding the impact of complex adaptative systems on intelligence related engineering direction. When sing optional faculties within the declared grade, both T837 ( Systems technology ) and B822 ( Creativity, invention and alteration ) reference, to a greater or lesser extent, the theories behind complexness and outgrowth. The capable affair for this research proposal hence provides a vehicle to pull many of these elements together. The research will supply an chance to research the relevancy of the identified elements in a modern-day and extremely topical sphere, and possibly significantly, get down to make full a cognition spread which on first expression, does non look to hold been addressed. How to cite Technology management in military intelligence, Essay examples

Qualitative research in study of leadership - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Answer: Introduction The assignment helps in analyzing the different kind of ethical issues that has been faced by a respective company Apple Inc. The different ethical dilemmas have to be identified in such a manner with the implications of different theoretical concepts related to ethics. The different managerial ethics has to be identified in an effective manner to solve them effectually. The main aim and purpose of the assignment is to examine and critically analyze the different theoretical concepts that will influence the different managerial practices in Apple. The different techniques have to be analyzed by the leaders or the higher officials in the respective organization to solve such ethical issues. The structure of the assignment includes analysis of different ethical dilemmas that is faced by the respective company. The different theoretical concepts have to be used in such a manner that will help in influencing the managerial practices in Aldi. Lastly, the organizational decisions have to be analyzed critically that are ended ethically. Background of Apple Apple Inc is a multinational company of America that is famous for designing along with developing computer software systems. The different hardware equipments of the respective company are iPhone, iPad and Mac Line (Rushe, 2015). After Samsung, it is the second largest IT Company in the entire world. As Tim Cook took over the business of Apple who is the new CEO of 2012, he had faced with ethical dilemma with Chinese organization Foxconn. The workers of respective company endangered suicide as the means of defending their privileges along with working conditions (Windsor, 2016). Reports of Ethical Dilemma The article of Telegraph reported that more than 150 employees of Foxconn, threatened to commit mass suicide by leaping from roof due to the harsh working conditions of the company (Demirtas Akdogan, 2015). On the other hand, employees were convinced in an effective manner to call off threat and understand the different conditions. However, there were different risks that were involved in the situation of ethical dilemma, Tim Cook focused on different products and profit of the respective company (Rego, Sousa, Marques e Cunha, 2014). As there is huge amount of demand of the different products and services of Apple in the competitive market, it is essential for the company to fulfill the different requirements of the customers. Furthermore, the working hours were increased to a huge extent in order to deliver the different products and services and this affected the manufacturers in Foxconn, China (Collinson Tourish, 2015). There are different organizations in the country that have tendency of highlighting their progress that is in opposition to the different merits of Corporate Social Responsibility. The social economic considerations are essential in nature to be considered largely that oppose the financial crisis (Steiber Alnge, 2016). Furthermore, Apple is successful company that has different influences on matters over Foxconn. However, Cook has assured the company in achieving the standards of the CSR across the supply chain. The article that has been published in the year 2012 in the month of January noticed stillness of Apple Company and this highlighted the investigations in the New York Times (Sherif, Pitre Kamara, 2016). The situation of Foxconn did not change overnight, 15 employees who attempted suicide, and more than 15 died. The labor organizations complained of long working hours, low wages along with inhuman treatment as the different factors of the protest. It is essential for the different leaders to follow ethical practices in the organizations in order to understand the different requirements of the employees in the organization (Denning Dew, 2015). Apple Inc presented their annual report with the different financial analysis for first quarter of the financial quarter (Engelen, Gupta, Strenger Brettel, 2015). The figures helped in analyzing the expectations of the different stakeholders with forecasting the payment of dividends and forecasting of revenues (Renko, El Tarabishy, Carsrud, Brnnback, 2015). This kind of news helped in benefitting the shareholders of the respective company; however, it did not benefit the employees of the respective company. There were different dilemmas related to leadership and other unethical matters in such a manner that this created issues in the economic success of the company (Muenjohn Armstrong, 2015). The Apple Company gained financial success largely however there have been different issues in handling the handling the different ethical matters of the company along with employees. The welfare of the employees was not taken into consideration and the different negative influences that have been done by media influenced the perceptions of the respective company (Shapiro Stefkovich, 2016). The New York Times noted the respective organization working on different initiatives that helped in quelling pressure (Jensen Puri 2016). In regards to the particular issue, first time the company published the report on 158 suppliers who represents a major portion of the supply chain (Jiraporn, Jiraporn, Kitsabunnarat-Chatjuthamard Tong, 2016). The organization tried to become member of the labor legislations committee as this helped them in understanding the issues faced by the employees in the organization. The different challenges that have been faced by Foxconn helped Apple in understanding the different issues, tried to resolve such issues, and excelled in it (Mendenhall et al., 2017). Ethical Dilemma in Apple It was commendable in nature that Mr. Cook handled the matters in an effectual manner and quelled the challenges in a positive approach. The protest that has been done by the employees was aborted as well (Klenke, 2016). This kind of financial results helped them in excelling in different social matters rather than the financial matters. In this kind of grievances, the company should provide a chance to the employees to analyze the grievances in an effective manner (Ki, Kim Ledingham, 2015). This kind of weekly meetings would provide fair chance to the employees to air their different kind of issues. The team of managers will help in benefitting from different officials in meeting, and a last result that will be generated will be for the interest of the employees (Jia, Hall Zhu, 2015). Apple Inc claims that they have tried to improve the working conditions at Foxconn that has been done on the demand of employers. The association of the labor laws that is the nonprofit organization in United States has stated that the Apple Inc Company has tried in fulfilling the different needs of the employees in the organization. This helped them in improving the working conditions at Chengdu and Shenzhen that is known for selling different iPad and iPhone products. However, the story of employees in the organization is different in nature as they still complain the culture of work and the company is bothered about accomplishing the targets of the company (DInnocenzo, Mathieu Kukenberger 2016). Furthermore, the employees complain that the company does not motivate them in an effective manner. The workers in the respective company even complained about the long hours of working that did not help them to enjoy the different activities and other fun activities. The workers commented that their workplace is well equipped and there are good tennis courts, swimming pools, TVs along with interest clubs. However, the workers are not able to enjoy such facilities, as their working hours are tiring in nature and due to improper maintenance. It was reported that there was an activity wherein employees complain about Foxconn, as they never publish the different problems that is faced in factories (Northouse, 2015). The workers in the respective company even complained about ineffective medical facilities on premises and there were suicide scandal that had occurred that had injured more than 260 workers. Furthermore, it is seen that as Apple is a multinational company, it has huge responsibility towards the market along with customers. The business chains of the respective company Apple has been spread all across the world and they have gained loyalty and trust factor from the individuals. Therefore, it is seen that this is the sole responsibility of the company to understand the different requirements of the customers along with employees in delivering the responsibilities in an effective manner. The different business chains are spread across the entire world with high quality production and quality. The respective company needs to maintain high quality and standards of integrity and not only the motive of generating profit and revenues. The next section helps in understanding along with analy zing the theoretical concepts from the managerial ethics: Different Ethical Theories The different kind of ethical theories are helpful in nature despite the fact that judging the moral satisfied of the act. The two kind of ethical theories are Teleological and Deontological. These kinds of theories help in deriving conclusions that will be in respect to the kind of scenario under consideration. The teleological approach helps in focusing on the outcomes of the actions along with the importance. According to Jia, Hall and Zhu, (2015), Utilitarianism refers to the different ethical choices that will provide good benefits to bigger number of employees. In the particular perspective, one has the belief that the end will justify the means. For instance- it is fair to save the lives of thousands of individuals by killing one individual as the Utilitarianism concept helps in understanding that it is ethical in nature and this will benefit huge number of persons. In short, it can be analyzed and explained that act is performed in such a manner when the different utilities it is produced is high in nature performed by agents. According to Sherif et al., (2017), the deontological theory deals with duty of performing well for the entire society with proper intention and this is not justified with the means of consequences. In addition to good outcome, there is different kind of factors that helps in determining the proper rights of the particular action. These kinds of actions can be non-consequential in nature; however, it helps in increasing the principles of different individuals. In the present scenario, Apple has made different significant contribution in field of technological and the retail chains and this has large impact on the society. However, there have been different issues relating to the ethics in the respective company. Tim Cook performed the different functions for the company that is profitable in nature. However, this kind of performance affected the employees; however, they cared for the workers in the organization. This helped them in making such decisions and coming out from the ethica l dilemma in the future. The case is dealing with different kind of ethical issues and the respective author is dealing with different ethical approaches that are referred to as consequentiality, deontological approach, and virtue ethics. Two ethical approaches The particular case can be termed as deontological approach. The company Apple Inc took care of different working hours that are excessive in nature, child labor and issues related to safety issues with suppliers. On the other hand, with increasing exposure of media that is in regards to the ethical behavior, the respective organization is concerned about impact of negative publicity on different shares along with profits. The different audits and policies eventually were raised that included the working hours along with pressure on suppliers to accomplish the different objectives. According to Jensen and Puri (2016), the act has to be ethical in nature in order to create ethical relations. In the present case scenario, Apple Company was not ethical with the workers along with suppliers; however, there has been immediate relationship with them. The laborers from Asian countries were used in the respective company, as they were cheaper in nature. The major and ultimate goal and concern of the company was to not lose business by reducing the cost and meet the production targets within specified deadline. Sherif et al., commented that an act has to be universally acceptable in nature and in the recent study it has been that Apple Company discriminated the own company and supplier employees. It has even reported that involvement of the suppliers in the child labor issues and it can be commented that act of Apple Inc is not accepted universally. Therefore, it can be inferred that management of Apple Company maintained the theory of utilitarianism; however, they failed in implementation of the deontological approach. The entire profit -making motive of the respective company is dependent on the different workers. The CEO of the company has to be concerned relating to the health and level of satisfaction of the employees and if it is not followed then the company will create issues on the brand image. When the company is following consequentiality approach, the situation will be in control, as the CEO of the company requires being more inclined towards the satisfaction of the requirements of the employees in the company. When the employees are satisfied with the needs, the productivity will increase and this will reduce the absenteeism among the employees. However, when there is low satisfaction of the needs of the employees, it will increase the absenteeism and willingness to perform the tasks. This kind of dilemma in the ethics is not good and this will affect the reputation of the company in a negative manner. According to Chen, Eberly, Chiang, Farh and Cheng (2014), with such kind of treatment to the workers will not lead to sustainable development and if there is no such change in the behavior of Foxconn towards the employees, there will be increase in the media attention. The consumers of the company are concerned relating to social behavior of company and not the profit-making motive. Furthermore, the consumers realize the work of manufacturers at cost of their own life that has increased value than the different strategies prepared by them. It is quite essential in nature that Apple Company will lose the valuable clients and there will be no such sustainable development of the company relating to the managerial system. According to Jensen and Puri (2016), the system of management at Foxconn is machinelike and not sustainable in nature. The main motive of Foxconn is to make machine as the central power as this is vital in their business. The company believes that strong leadership is essential in nature, as this will make the policies precise and accurate in nature. Ho et al., (2016) analyzed those views of Foxconn wherein they feel leadership has to be decisive and there is ethical issues and dilemma related to it as well. Chen, Eberly, Chiang, Farh and Cheng (2014) suggested that in order to overcome such issues in the company they must adopt post bureaucracy that involved shared responsibility. This includes trust between the managers and workers and there will be empowerment. The entire concept underlies the whole responsibility instead of the hierarchy and it is suggested that the organization has to be morally superior in nature to the different employees. The different ethical dilemma has been analyzed in the article that helped in analyzing the issues and solves the issues with proper implementation of different strategies. The work that is performed by Tim Cook was commendable in nature as this helped in understanding the different priorities and solves the issues in an effective manner. Ki, Kim and Ledingham (2015) agrees with the views of Ho, Li, Tam and Tong (2016) and they feel that this strategy will help in understanding requirements of the employees. The workers of the organization have to be trained that they can perform multiple tasks and handle different issues in an effective manner. The workers are well protected under labor law of China and the ID cards and the company duly signs other contracts (Weinzimmer Esken, 2016). The different kind of requests from family members is not granted and this kind of behavior is not universally acceptable. Such actions can create ethical dilemma that is faced by Apple Company. Chatterji and Toffel, (2016) commented that construct has to be made of three different components that include capacity to trust the individuals, perception of intentions and competence. The different ethics related to the workplace are of same kind of route. If the organization follows different code of ethics and conducts, such kind of ethics has to be implemented by the leader in an effective manner. When the company faces such issues and they fail to adopt such strategies, this will be affecting the company in a negative manner (Chan, Pun Selden 2013). A good and effective leader needs to analyze the issues by exhibition of the ethical behavior in a powerful manner. Ethics refer to the different virtues along with motives of the individuals along with moral development that will affect the choices of the leaders. The leaders of the different organizations require understanding the different ethical behavior in an effective manner. The best leader lives daily life and exhibit th e different values accordance to actions and styles and this will help in building trust. Conclusion The entire essay has helped in analyzing the organization from multi perspective view that helped in concluding that Foxconn is good at increasing the input along with profit and this helped them in generating products. In relation with the different allegations from the workers and ethical dilemmas, it can be concluded that organization has treated the different employees as slave and do not provide them with the rights they deserve. According to the theory of scientific and administrative management along with bureaucracy, Foxconn has managed the different workers as this helped them in maximizing profit. The different progress has been highlighted in nature that helped them in generation of the Corporate Social Responsibility in an effective manner. Therefore, it is the incidence of pressure on CEO of the company wherein he was new to the respective field tried his best in ensuring well being of individuals in the company. However, he failed in generating success to the company and this failed to maintain ethics in the business. The business world needs to analyze proper decision-making capabilities that will help in overall development of the team. The leader of the respective company needs to focus on the entire development and satisfaction of the different employees. The entire essay has used domination and machine metaphor in order to develop view on the management of the company about different workers. The author has discussed theoretical concepts in the ethics that is administrative in nature. Furthermore, there has been critical analysis of the theoretical concepts influenced the different managerial practices by performing through literature review and supported the different arguments. 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