Copyright Infringement Essay - 788 Words

Copyright infringement is the unauthorized use of copyrighted material in a manner that violates one of the copyright owners exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce or perform the copyrighted work, or to make derivative works that build upon it. For electronic and audio-visual media, unauthorized reproduction and distribution is often referred to as piracy (however there is no legal basis for this and indeed in one US copyright lawsuit the judge ordered the plaintiffs legal team to stop using the term). This may occur through organized black market reproduction and distribution channels, sometimes with blatantly open commercial sale (as along the sidewalks of Manhattans notorious Canal Street), or through purely private†¦show more content†¦Many infringement claims involve simple cases of copyright infringement where the copying is obvious. Others, however, are more difficult to resolve because copyright protection is not limited to exact copying. It is inevitable that creative and commercial works will take inspiration from the culture at large, and it is often challenging to determine when this inspiration has crossed the line into infringement. There also may be a question of whether the allegedly infringed work is even protected by copyright. Unprotected works may include, for example, compilations of facts that lack the requisite creativity to be covered by copyright, or those works that are in the public domain because the copyright term expired. Copyright notices—often just a simple statement on the work itself of the year protection was acquired and by whom—are not always a good indication of whether or not a work is protected because most countries do not require such formalities, and so lack of notice does not mean lack of protection. Courts may also subsequently decide in the context of an infringement suit that the work did not meet the minimum criteria for copyright protection, even if the work had been previously registered by a government copyright agency. However, copyright notices give at least some indication of who to contact if permission isShow MoreRelatedCopyright Infringement is Immoral1165 Words   |  5 Pagesmusic without paying for it is so easy it barely seems illegal. Copyright infringement is a huge ethical issue going on right now. From downloading movies and music from peer-to-peer programs as well as various websites to being able to stream a movie at the click of a button without a c opy ever being saved on the computer its so simple, anyone could get addicted to doing it. For some of these reasons many argue that copyright infringement is a moral thing to do, but on the other hand others believeRead MoreThe Infringement Of The Copyright Infringement761 Words   |  4 Pages1) Does that forwarding email institute for copyright infringement: The copyright in an email is determined by its content. Forwarding emails is generally not considered to be a breach of copyright, but, one should carefully consider the nature of the content of the email and whether it is appropriate to forward it, as other legal issues, such as privacy and confidentiality, also apply. According to Copyright Act, it considers sending emails as an act of communication, although, the issue with emailsRead MoreCopyright And Copyright Infringement Trials2263 Words   |  10 Pagesbooks, etc. Many people protect their intellectual by copyrighting their work. Copyrights are trademarks or patents, and give the owners of the work the right to claim their work and protect it from theft. Use or reference of famous work is permitted when it is for â€Å"transformative† or limited use. This work be considered â€Å"fair use† and many copyright infringement trials have been dismissed because of this. Copyrights are an important tool to ensure that copyrighted work that is referenced mentionsRead MoreCopyright Infringement Research Paper4022 Words   |  17 PagesCopyright Infringement Research Paper We are well into the year of 2011 and technology is continuing to advance and a faster and faster rate. As technology advances there continues to be more of an opportunity for things to go wrong. The ability of our society to obtain information has been becoming as easy as it has ever been. I simple line into the google search bar and you are looking at millions upon millions of lings and opportunities to attain information. With this source and hundredsRead MorePatents And Copyright Infringement Trials1971 Words   |  8 Pagestheir intellectual properties through copyrighting it. Copyrights are patents and trademarks, and it gives the owners the right to claim their work and protect it from theft (Intellectial Property Help Desk). Use or reference of famous work is permitted whenn it is transformative or for limited use. This work is considered fair use and many copyright infringement trials have been dismissed because of the fair use doctrine. Copyrights are an important tool to ensure that copyrighted work thatRead MoreNapster : The Problem Of Copyright Infringement981 Words   |  4 Pages Napster had the attention of the Record Industry Association of America (RIAA), and their concerns of Copyright infringement. About a year after its launch, it was sued by the RIAA, which represented major recording companies such as Universal Music, BMG, Sony Music, and Warner Music Group. They claimed that by allowing users to swap free music recordings, Napster’s service violated Copyright laws. Eventually, the judge ruled against Napster forcing them to shut down operations and liquidate itsRead MoreThe Violation Of Copyright Infringement1296 Words   |  6 PagesOn the 26th of June, 2015 the Copyright (Online Infringement) amendment was assented, and came into effect the day after. The laws that this amendment includes aim to allow copyright holders to make requests that online locations hosting their copyrighted content be blocked, regardless of if the websites are hosted on Australian soil or not. The amendment also allows copyright holders to request that the details of piraters be handed over by Internet Service Providers. However, the effectivenessRead More Copyright infringement Essay2649 Words   |  11 PagesCopyright infringement In general terms, copyright provides an author with a tool to protect a work from being taken, used, and exploited by others without permission (Roseoner 1). This is further defined in federal statute 17 U.S.C. Section 106. The owner of the copyrighted work has the exclusive right to authorize any of the following: - to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies - to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work - to distribute copies of the copyrightedRead MoreOwnership And Infringement Of Copyrights2189 Words   |  9 PagesOwnership and Infringement of Copyrights Introduction: Definition and understanding of Copyrights: The legal right that is created by enforcement of law by a country that provides the creator of an original exclusive work rights to use and distribute it, usually for a limited time with the aim of enabling the initiator to get compensation for their intellect work is known as copyright. It is a structure of intellectual property such as trademark, a patent or trade secret etc which is relevant toRead MoreThe Government s Combat On Copyrights Infringement2844 Words   |  12 PagesAgreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Copyright protection is one area that China has made great progress in especially in the entertainment industry. With China’s economy booming, China is consuming an increasing amount of TV shows. However, China’s TV industry suffers from a critical dilemma-the lack of innovations. This research paper will study in depth how the government’s combat on copyrights infringement affect the amount of innovations in the TV industry in China.

Poverty Of The United States - 1607 Words

Iman Boucetta Sociology 103 Final Paper Poverty Although the United States is one of the richest countries in the world some of its people sleep in the streets, dig through garbage cans to find food and carry all that they own in this world on their backs or in shopping carts and these people are called the homeless. Because they have no address or telephone number where an employers can contact them when they fill out a job application, they stay jobless. Others live in poor and bad neighborhoods where public schools are in horrible conditions. They work in temporary or seasonal jobs and these people are called the underclass. Of course we have the working poor, and these are the people who work in low paying jobs but still cannot make ends meet. All of the above tells us that being poor does not mean that the poor people are lazy, stupid, or ignorant. On the contrary, they are very hard working unlucky people because they were born in the lower social class ladder. IShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of The United States1727 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty defined by the American Heritage Dictionary is â€Å"lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts† (Hirokazu Yoshikawa, 2012). Poverty in the United States is an issue that is often times overlooked because the focus of poverty is on developing and struggling countries. People often think America does not experience poverty because it is such a thriving country. The problem with this is that America is indeed struggling with poverty: â€Å"there are currently 488 counties in America whereRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1548 Words   |  7 Pagescitizens in poverty has risen. Several organizations have been set up to help those who suffer from poverty and provide their everyday needs. There are always ways where a community can help eliminate the amount of people suffering poverty. Government has a n influence on how much money flow there is in the United States such as the FED, which was created to help maintain a stable monetary and financial system and control the money supply. People themselves can also help from falling into poverty, butRead MorePoverty Of The United States1408 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people hear the word poverty many people think of the bad connotations that come with it like, smelly homeless people that are crackheads and disease holders. Some people may even think they are uneducated or not hard working enough and rather ask for money instead of trying to get a job. Although a small portion of that may be true to some homeless people due to addictions on drugs and the toll it takes on their lives. The majority of homeless people are either veterans or immigrants, who findRead MorePoverty in the United States755 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in the United States is getting in inferior quality every day and nothing is being done about it. Many people who want to help the poor, but no one knows exactly how to help them. A primary reason for people not taking action is because of lack of information that is provided about issues on poverty. Poverty is defined as the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. According to the U.S. Census Bureau data released Tuesday September 13thRead MorePoverty Of The United States Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty within the United States is defined as â€Å"having an income below a federally determined poverty threshold. † Poverty thresholds were developed by the United States government in the 60s. Over time these thresholds are adjusted to account for inflation; it is typical to adjust the poverty threshold levels annually. They represent the government’s estimate of the point below which a family has insufficient resources to meet their basic needs. Any family with less income than that establishedRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1531 Words   |  7 Pagessuch dialog, topics on the increasing and rather consistent levels of poverty in some regions in America are touched on as well. Poverty is defined as a condition where one’s basics needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met (What Is Poverty? â€Å"). From sea to shining sea, more than 15 percent of the American population live in poverty, a total of people over 46 million. Many who live in poverty within the United States live in areas that were once thriving from the country’s economic growthRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pages The Character of Poverty in America Poverty has always been a key factor in United States History. Ever sense Americas birth there have been groups affected by poverty, but the forms of the poverty that affected these groups have changed as well as the nature of poverty itself in the USA. The abolition of slavery, the forced assimilation of native Americans, and mass immigration changed character of poverty within the united states change due to an evolution from agriculture to industry and a changeRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1746 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is poverty? A question most Americans will not have to think twice before answering. Poverty is, of course, simply a lack of money. The views of a specific person will defer when politics or morals are introduced, however, the idea stays the same. Those in poverty are there because they have less money than what has been decided to be livable. Poverty has changed significantly over the last two hundred years in the United States, and yet, the measuremen t has hardly changed since it was createdRead MorePoverty in the United States1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Background of Poverty in America In the United States, there are about more than forty-six million people living in impoverished conditions today. Poverty is a major conflict issue in this country amongst people who are part of the lower class because American families always had a hard time making ends meet, even before the Great Recession began. Living in poverty puts them at a disadvantage because they have to choose between necessitates like health care, child care, and food in order toRead MorePoverty Of The United States1475 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Poverty in the United States is defined as a social problem. As outlined in the text, a social problem is â€Å"a condition that undermines the well-being of some or all members of a society and is usually a matter of public controversy†. It is easy to see that there is a large economic divide in the United States, but with only a small percentage of people in the highest income stratification and the vast majority struggling to get by, the majority of United States citizens agree that there is too

Technology management in military intelligence Free Essays

The inalterable truth is that many facets of the intelligence community, peculiarly those responsible for procurance of high engineering hardware, remain wedded to the thought of engineering as artifact. The fulcrum of this paper is that engineering direction can be applied to engineering as cognition, and as a procedure of question and action, which has deductions for the development rhythm. Pascale ( 1999 ) argues that to better the success rate of strategic enterprises and attain the degree of reclamation necessary for successful executing, theories associated with complex adaptative systems ( ‘complexity ‘ for short ) need to be considered within a new and developing engineering direction paradigm. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology management in military intelligence or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will therefore explore engineering as cognition and as a procedure of question and action alongside the thoughts associated with complexness, such that the success or failure of intelligence related engineering direction is more to the full understood. 1.1 Background Technology gate keepers operate within a traditional engineering paradigm. Garud and Rappa ( 1991 ) point out that â€Å" rating modus operandis † have a inclination to reenforce an established paradigm and prevent the outgrowth of others. In sing intelligence related engineering direction hence, it will be argued that the emerged menace posed by a complex system of chiefly low tech visionaries, absolutely at easiness with mass targeting, remains a hard construct to counter when utilizing traditional attacks. Following the rules established by Eric Beinhocker ( 1997 ) , it will be argued that intelligence related engineering direction continues to run within a paradigm informed by strategic theories developed in the decennary following World War II. The theories are underpinned by the mathematics of mid-nineteenth century natural philosophies, with associated premises of deterministic cause and consequence which continue to exercise a immense influence ( Pascale, 1999 ) . It will be argued that the attack fails to account for the promotion in apprehension of how the life universe really works when considered from the point of view of complex adaptative systems ; engineering as cognition. This has peculiar resonance for the administration of asymmetric terrorist societal groups which constitute the current and immediate menace which defense mechanism engineering direction seeks to counter. By non accounting for ‘complexity ‘ and how it might be used to understand the kineticss at work within the mark groupings ( engineering as a procedure of question and action ) , this paper will seek to show that engineering procurance will go on to be unnaturally ‘skewed ‘ towards a conventional menace which remains consistent with post-war cause and consequence strategic theory. 1.2 Justification for the research Whilst engineering direction continues to be influenced by station World War II strategic theories concentrating on engineering as artifact, what Garud and Rappa ( 1991 ) identified as thoughts that are institutionalization at the macro degree of shared knowledge will go on to rule. Technological gate-keepers within the MoD will retain out-of-date methods of understanding what engineering direction is, and how it can be applied to counter the current menace. Although there is grounds of complexness theory being applied to such diverse elements as the oil industry ( Pascale, 1999 ) and the doctrine of instruction ( Peters, 2008 ) , there is a spread in cognition of how it might be applied to act upon engineering direction within intelligence related procurance. This paper will research the thought that dynamic equilibrium ( prevailing during the cold war epoch ) no-longer remains a valid theory for intelligence related technological development when sing the menace posed by asymmetric societal-terrorist groups. Equally recent as 2009, Geraint Evans examined intelligence failures in the visible radiation of recent terrorist atrociousnesss. However, his primary probe centred on the application and integrating of intelligence architecture, still concentrating on engineering as artifact, whilst unwittingly reenforcing premises based on 19th century Newtonian natural philosophies and the associated cause and consequence dictat. This is merely one illustration amongst many whereby recent work has sought to turn to incidents of intelligence dislocation, whilst neglecting to place and work what Pascale calls the following large idea- complexness theory. This paper will seek to turn to a cognition spread to categorize asymmetric societal-terrorist groups as complex adaptative systems and the ability to counter the menace through recognizing engineering as cognition and a procedure of question and action. Research will be applied to measure how the apprehension of complex adaptative systems can be used to inform future intelligence related technological direction and development programmes. 1.3 Aim and aims Research purpose: to bring forth recommendations for military intelligence related engineering direction when sing mark groups as complex adaptative systems Aims: critically reexamine the literature to place how complexness theory has been applied to alternative spheres comparison bing definitions of complex adaptative systems with the analysed behavior of asymmetric societal-terrorist groups interview intelligence professionals to find how engineering direction might be impacted when sing mark groups as complex adaptative systems formulate recommendations for intelligence professionals when engineering direction is required to aim complex adaptative systems Chapter 2 Research definition 2.1 Initial reappraisal of the literature The Open University class T840 ‘Technology Management ‘ , underpins the initial research into engineering direction with respect to engineering as cognition and as a procedure of question and action. Whilst seeking to understand how asymmetric societal-terrorist groups might be understood in the visible radiation of complexness theory, Jane Henry in the Open University Course B822 ‘Creativity, Innovation A ; Change ‘ provides a utile get downing point in understanding the background to complexness theory. The current business with intelligence failure, in the visible radiation of recent terrorist atrociousnesss, has led to many defense mechanism orientated journal articles covering specifically with military intelligence, and these will be utilized to spread out the research. Evans ( 2009 ) critiques the intelligence rhythm in seeking to understand where failures are happening in the procedure. He discusses the relationship between procedure ( engineering as question and action ) and information ( engineering as cognition ) ; something that is seen as cardinal by Hughes et Al in the the Open University Course T837 ‘Information Focused Systems ‘ . Both Evans and Hughes are fixated by information flow within the context of proficient bearers, viz. Evans discusses runing constructs such as Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance ( ISTAR ) , whilst Hughes et Al explores, at a more elaborate degree, electromagnetic radiation. Nevertheless, the philosophical attack for both has much in common. Whereas Hughes succeeds in discoursing why information systems exist, to pattern the existent universe ; Evans fails to travel beyond an internal review of bing attacks to engineering direction, and finally reverts to covering with en gineering as artefact. This tendency continues in other articles concerned with intelligence failure. In an article less concerned with engineering than with effects, Honig ( 2008 ) discusses why surprise onslaughts continue to go on, but once more does non place something that Hughes in T837 instantly recognizes – engineering related information systems have value merely when they model information content drawn from the environment ( engineering as cognition ) . Of class, it would be artful to propose that Evans and Honig are non cognizant of the operational environment to a greater or lesser extent. Their attack nevertheless does look to be untypical, in that they fail to dispute implicit in premises ; this finally affects how they approach the job of intelligence failure. Pascale ( 1999 ) argues that strategic theories that underpin the principle behind most determination devising procedures today have their roots in the decennary following World War II ; which saw a universe runing within a dynamic equilibrium, codified by the cold war stand-off. Hulnick ( 2006 ) supports this position when discoursing one of the chief vehicles for intelligence appraisal in usage today. The intelligence ‘estimate ‘ ( engineering as cognition ) , Hulnick argues, is a animal of the Cold War, but has its roots in the 1939-45 struggle. The appraisal of beginnings which critique strategic theories will be of import as ultimately theories guide investing. The Open University Course T840 ‘Technology Management ‘ discusses the difference between conventional merchandise and procedure development and the rearward merchandise rhythm. Cited in T840, the Abernathy-Utterbck theoretical account ( 1978 ) identifies that where radical engineering is utilized, development is unstable and prototype invention is high. This paper will analyze grounds which suggests that determination shapers may seek to turn to failures in intelligence by high-end engineering investing, accompanied by high hazard, high cost, and long lead times. Beginnings which challenge the prevalent, underlying strategic premises, from the point of view of understanding mark groupings in the visible radiation of complexness theory, will be assessed by this paper. The rearward merchandise rhythm as described by Barras ( 1986, cited in T840 ) might be seen as a more prudent attack to engineering direction ( when developing artefact ) if the full deductions for complexness theory are realised, with high-end investing utilised merely when the deductions for intelligence related engineering direction are more to the full understood. Whilst reviewing current attacks to intelligence related engineering direction, the usage of beginnings which seek to understand complexness theory will be drawn on. Pascale ( 1999 ) provides a utile background of how complex adaptative systems operate, peculiarly in the oil industry, whilst Peters ( 2008 ) expands on the issues with a more in-depth overview of the deductions for instruction. Pascale ‘s article is of primary importance, as it demonstrates how even high tech administrations like Shell might be viewed as complex adaptative systems. The deductions of this for military intelligence related engineering direction are broad ranging, but will stay outside the range of this research paper. The purpose will be to concentrate on understanding asymmetric societal-terrorist groups as complex adaptative systems merely ; and the associated deductions for military intelligence related engineering direction when sing engineering as cognition and as a procedure of question and action. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Proposed research methods and techniques The research will affect interacting with intelligence professionals. All of these persons, to a greater lesser extent, will hold been, or remain, involved in intelligence related engineering direction in existent universe operational scenarios. Because of the sensitiveness involved, the research will be tightly controlled ( see subdivision 3.4 – Ethical motives ) . The cardinal points of the primary research stage are based on Case Study Research Design and Methods, Third Edition ( Yin, 2003 ) . Primary Research Determine and specify the research range Unstructured and semi-structured interviews will be used. 10 experts will be used to supply information through treatment and suggestion. The complexness of intelligence related engineering direction and vagaries of operational experience will be ill served by the usage of set inquiries. The sensitiveness of the capable affair will prevent questionnaires being issued. Each expert will be asked to take an exemplar instance survey to discourse how ‘complex adaptative systems ‘ might impact intelligence related engineering direction. Determine how to garner the information on the research subject: Face-to-face meetings will be arranged at the respondents topographic point of work, or at a impersonal scene. Personal contacts will be utilised to place the experts from across a scope of operational countries. Phone-calls will be used to put up the meetings ab initio. The consequences will so be collated. Evaluate and analyse the informations: Notes from each interview will be analysed utilizing analytical techniques, to include, but non be limited to: Systems function. Cause A ; Effect schematization. Rich Pictures. Functional dislocation constructions. Flow diagrams. UML modeling ; viz. usage instances. The information will be interpreted in order to reply the purpose and aims of the research. Decisions will be derived with respect to the purpose and aims. Decisions will be derived sing the wider pertinence of the research. Suggestions will be made where farther advancement could be made by go oning the research. Secondary research Reappraisal of the relevant academic literature: An appraisal of the related academic literature is required. Section 2.1 provides an initial literature reappraisal. Section 3.2 identifies extra beginnings identified, but non reviewed in the initial literature reappraisal. The mention list will go on to be developed as the research develops. 3.2 Beginnings of literature and other information The Open University Postgraduate Certificate/Diploma in Technology Management class ( s ) will supply the implicit in beginnings and theoretical attack to research. This will be supplemented chiefly by the Open University online library, which through the initial literature hunt, has proved to keep an copiousness of relevant stuff, peculiarly with respect to complexness theory and military intelligence. The purpose will be to farther addendum the research by pulling on the research installations available at The University of Bristol. The university has an first-class international repute in research. In the latest independent appraisal of research quality ( RAE 2008 ) , over 61 per cent of the research work assessed in 48 research Fieldss at Bristol was awarded either the top 4* evaluation, defined as ‘world taking ‘ , or the 3* evaluation, classified as ‘internationally first-class ‘ . The library services are made available to Open University pupils via the SCONUL Access strategy. Finally, and for completeness, the list below identifies beginnings found during the initial literature hunt, or used during the certification / diploma degree classs, but which have yet to be drawn on. As they have non been quoted, they are non included in the mention subdivision at the terminal of this proposal. Fowles, M. 2004, T846 Technology Strategy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes. Gintis, H. Dec 2006, â€Å" Reappraisal of: The Origin of Wealth: Development, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics † , Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1018-31. Hayden, M.V. Sep/Oct2010, â€Å" The State of the Craft – Is Intelligence Reform Working † , World Affairs, vol. 173, no. 3, pp. 35-48. Martin, John. , Bell, Ros. 2007, â€Å" Pull offing Problems Creatively † in B822 Creativity, Innovation and Change, erectile dysfunction. The Open University, 2nd edn, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, pp. 29-57-71-95. Studeman, C.M. Feb 2009, â€Å" 7 Myths of Intelligence † , U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 64-69. 3.3 Planning and scheduling A Gantt chart has been utilised to exemplify cardinal day of the months for the complete period of research, working at the degree of separate hebdomads. The T802 MSc Research Study Calendar provides a dislocation of the cardinal phases and associated undertakings. These have been transposed onto the Gantt chart below, with cardinal vacation periods ( ruddy saloon ) included for completeness. 3.4 Ethical considerations I have read and understood the ethical considerations, as described in subdivision 7.3 of The Open University Course Guide for the T802 MSc Research Course. All stuff used, will be referenced in the appropriate mode, taking note of the information protection issues that may originate. Where beginning information is non already in the public sphere at the clip of usage for the T802 class, permission will be requested to utilize the stuff in the normal mode. There is a moral duty to sensitively manage the point of views of functioning intelligence professionals in garnering the research information, and non to misapply professional trust built up over many old ages. The information presented will be generic in nature, whilst non mentioning to existent universe operations or capableness, but instead to how engineering direction might be impacted in wide operational footings. Where existent operational experience may be valid to exemplify peculiar points made by the interviewee ; the writer ‘s experience will be drawn on to exemplify the point that is being made. 3.5 Risk appraisal Development of the research stage is low hazard. The structured and semi-structured interviews will be conducted in an office based environment, admiting appropriate consciousness of exigency issues and fire muster points. Site visits are specifically excluded. Chapter 4 Supporting information 4.1 List of old classs T837 Systems technology T840 Technology direction: an integrative attack M883 Software demands for concern systems B822 Creativity, invention and alteration T846 Technology scheme 4.2 Relevance of capable affair to declared grade The proposed research has strong synergism with the declared grade. It draws on many facets of the capable affair discussed in the compulsory faculties. T840 discusses merchandise rhythms and their appropriate application ; a capable really relevant to intelligence related engineering direction. Intelligence related equipment procurance and its rightness to extant mark groupings is at the bosom of this research. Technology scheme ( T846 ) expands on these elements when looking at the assorted schools of scheme that have come to the bow at assorted points in recent history. The relevancy of these to the capable affair, non least the Learning School and the thoughts behind outgrowth and complexness, will be cardinal to understanding the impact of complex adaptative systems on intelligence related engineering direction. When sing optional faculties within the declared grade, both T837 ( Systems technology ) and B822 ( Creativity, invention and alteration ) reference, to a greater or lesser extent, the theories behind complexness and outgrowth. The capable affair for this research proposal hence provides a vehicle to pull many of these elements together. The research will supply an chance to research the relevancy of the identified elements in a modern-day and extremely topical sphere, and possibly significantly, get down to make full a cognition spread which on first expression, does non look to hold been addressed. How to cite Technology management in military intelligence, Essay examples

Qualitative research in study of leadership - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Answer: Introduction The assignment helps in analyzing the different kind of ethical issues that has been faced by a respective company Apple Inc. The different ethical dilemmas have to be identified in such a manner with the implications of different theoretical concepts related to ethics. The different managerial ethics has to be identified in an effective manner to solve them effectually. The main aim and purpose of the assignment is to examine and critically analyze the different theoretical concepts that will influence the different managerial practices in Apple. The different techniques have to be analyzed by the leaders or the higher officials in the respective organization to solve such ethical issues. The structure of the assignment includes analysis of different ethical dilemmas that is faced by the respective company. The different theoretical concepts have to be used in such a manner that will help in influencing the managerial practices in Aldi. Lastly, the organizational decisions have to be analyzed critically that are ended ethically. Background of Apple Apple Inc is a multinational company of America that is famous for designing along with developing computer software systems. The different hardware equipments of the respective company are iPhone, iPad and Mac Line (Rushe, 2015). After Samsung, it is the second largest IT Company in the entire world. As Tim Cook took over the business of Apple who is the new CEO of 2012, he had faced with ethical dilemma with Chinese organization Foxconn. The workers of respective company endangered suicide as the means of defending their privileges along with working conditions (Windsor, 2016). Reports of Ethical Dilemma The article of Telegraph reported that more than 150 employees of Foxconn, threatened to commit mass suicide by leaping from roof due to the harsh working conditions of the company (Demirtas Akdogan, 2015). On the other hand, employees were convinced in an effective manner to call off threat and understand the different conditions. However, there were different risks that were involved in the situation of ethical dilemma, Tim Cook focused on different products and profit of the respective company (Rego, Sousa, Marques e Cunha, 2014). As there is huge amount of demand of the different products and services of Apple in the competitive market, it is essential for the company to fulfill the different requirements of the customers. Furthermore, the working hours were increased to a huge extent in order to deliver the different products and services and this affected the manufacturers in Foxconn, China (Collinson Tourish, 2015). There are different organizations in the country that have tendency of highlighting their progress that is in opposition to the different merits of Corporate Social Responsibility. The social economic considerations are essential in nature to be considered largely that oppose the financial crisis (Steiber Alnge, 2016). Furthermore, Apple is successful company that has different influences on matters over Foxconn. However, Cook has assured the company in achieving the standards of the CSR across the supply chain. The article that has been published in the year 2012 in the month of January noticed stillness of Apple Company and this highlighted the investigations in the New York Times (Sherif, Pitre Kamara, 2016). The situation of Foxconn did not change overnight, 15 employees who attempted suicide, and more than 15 died. The labor organizations complained of long working hours, low wages along with inhuman treatment as the different factors of the protest. It is essential for the different leaders to follow ethical practices in the organizations in order to understand the different requirements of the employees in the organization (Denning Dew, 2015). Apple Inc presented their annual report with the different financial analysis for first quarter of the financial quarter (Engelen, Gupta, Strenger Brettel, 2015). The figures helped in analyzing the expectations of the different stakeholders with forecasting the payment of dividends and forecasting of revenues (Renko, El Tarabishy, Carsrud, Brnnback, 2015). This kind of news helped in benefitting the shareholders of the respective company; however, it did not benefit the employees of the respective company. There were different dilemmas related to leadership and other unethical matters in such a manner that this created issues in the economic success of the company (Muenjohn Armstrong, 2015). The Apple Company gained financial success largely however there have been different issues in handling the handling the different ethical matters of the company along with employees. The welfare of the employees was not taken into consideration and the different negative influences that have been done by media influenced the perceptions of the respective company (Shapiro Stefkovich, 2016). The New York Times noted the respective organization working on different initiatives that helped in quelling pressure (Jensen Puri 2016). In regards to the particular issue, first time the company published the report on 158 suppliers who represents a major portion of the supply chain (Jiraporn, Jiraporn, Kitsabunnarat-Chatjuthamard Tong, 2016). The organization tried to become member of the labor legislations committee as this helped them in understanding the issues faced by the employees in the organization. The different challenges that have been faced by Foxconn helped Apple in understanding the different issues, tried to resolve such issues, and excelled in it (Mendenhall et al., 2017). Ethical Dilemma in Apple It was commendable in nature that Mr. Cook handled the matters in an effectual manner and quelled the challenges in a positive approach. The protest that has been done by the employees was aborted as well (Klenke, 2016). This kind of financial results helped them in excelling in different social matters rather than the financial matters. In this kind of grievances, the company should provide a chance to the employees to analyze the grievances in an effective manner (Ki, Kim Ledingham, 2015). This kind of weekly meetings would provide fair chance to the employees to air their different kind of issues. The team of managers will help in benefitting from different officials in meeting, and a last result that will be generated will be for the interest of the employees (Jia, Hall Zhu, 2015). Apple Inc claims that they have tried to improve the working conditions at Foxconn that has been done on the demand of employers. The association of the labor laws that is the nonprofit organization in United States has stated that the Apple Inc Company has tried in fulfilling the different needs of the employees in the organization. This helped them in improving the working conditions at Chengdu and Shenzhen that is known for selling different iPad and iPhone products. However, the story of employees in the organization is different in nature as they still complain the culture of work and the company is bothered about accomplishing the targets of the company (DInnocenzo, Mathieu Kukenberger 2016). Furthermore, the employees complain that the company does not motivate them in an effective manner. The workers in the respective company even complained about the long hours of working that did not help them to enjoy the different activities and other fun activities. The workers commented that their workplace is well equipped and there are good tennis courts, swimming pools, TVs along with interest clubs. However, the workers are not able to enjoy such facilities, as their working hours are tiring in nature and due to improper maintenance. It was reported that there was an activity wherein employees complain about Foxconn, as they never publish the different problems that is faced in factories (Northouse, 2015). The workers in the respective company even complained about ineffective medical facilities on premises and there were suicide scandal that had occurred that had injured more than 260 workers. Furthermore, it is seen that as Apple is a multinational company, it has huge responsibility towards the market along with customers. The business chains of the respective company Apple has been spread all across the world and they have gained loyalty and trust factor from the individuals. Therefore, it is seen that this is the sole responsibility of the company to understand the different requirements of the customers along with employees in delivering the responsibilities in an effective manner. The different business chains are spread across the entire world with high quality production and quality. The respective company needs to maintain high quality and standards of integrity and not only the motive of generating profit and revenues. The next section helps in understanding along with analy zing the theoretical concepts from the managerial ethics: Different Ethical Theories The different kind of ethical theories are helpful in nature despite the fact that judging the moral satisfied of the act. The two kind of ethical theories are Teleological and Deontological. These kinds of theories help in deriving conclusions that will be in respect to the kind of scenario under consideration. The teleological approach helps in focusing on the outcomes of the actions along with the importance. According to Jia, Hall and Zhu, (2015), Utilitarianism refers to the different ethical choices that will provide good benefits to bigger number of employees. In the particular perspective, one has the belief that the end will justify the means. For instance- it is fair to save the lives of thousands of individuals by killing one individual as the Utilitarianism concept helps in understanding that it is ethical in nature and this will benefit huge number of persons. In short, it can be analyzed and explained that act is performed in such a manner when the different utilities it is produced is high in nature performed by agents. According to Sherif et al., (2017), the deontological theory deals with duty of performing well for the entire society with proper intention and this is not justified with the means of consequences. In addition to good outcome, there is different kind of factors that helps in determining the proper rights of the particular action. These kinds of actions can be non-consequential in nature; however, it helps in increasing the principles of different individuals. In the present scenario, Apple has made different significant contribution in field of technological and the retail chains and this has large impact on the society. However, there have been different issues relating to the ethics in the respective company. Tim Cook performed the different functions for the company that is profitable in nature. However, this kind of performance affected the employees; however, they cared for the workers in the organization. This helped them in making such decisions and coming out from the ethica l dilemma in the future. The case is dealing with different kind of ethical issues and the respective author is dealing with different ethical approaches that are referred to as consequentiality, deontological approach, and virtue ethics. Two ethical approaches The particular case can be termed as deontological approach. The company Apple Inc took care of different working hours that are excessive in nature, child labor and issues related to safety issues with suppliers. On the other hand, with increasing exposure of media that is in regards to the ethical behavior, the respective organization is concerned about impact of negative publicity on different shares along with profits. The different audits and policies eventually were raised that included the working hours along with pressure on suppliers to accomplish the different objectives. According to Jensen and Puri (2016), the act has to be ethical in nature in order to create ethical relations. In the present case scenario, Apple Company was not ethical with the workers along with suppliers; however, there has been immediate relationship with them. The laborers from Asian countries were used in the respective company, as they were cheaper in nature. The major and ultimate goal and concern of the company was to not lose business by reducing the cost and meet the production targets within specified deadline. Sherif et al., commented that an act has to be universally acceptable in nature and in the recent study it has been that Apple Company discriminated the own company and supplier employees. It has even reported that involvement of the suppliers in the child labor issues and it can be commented that act of Apple Inc is not accepted universally. Therefore, it can be inferred that management of Apple Company maintained the theory of utilitarianism; however, they failed in implementation of the deontological approach. The entire profit -making motive of the respective company is dependent on the different workers. The CEO of the company has to be concerned relating to the health and level of satisfaction of the employees and if it is not followed then the company will create issues on the brand image. When the company is following consequentiality approach, the situation will be in control, as the CEO of the company requires being more inclined towards the satisfaction of the requirements of the employees in the company. When the employees are satisfied with the needs, the productivity will increase and this will reduce the absenteeism among the employees. However, when there is low satisfaction of the needs of the employees, it will increase the absenteeism and willingness to perform the tasks. This kind of dilemma in the ethics is not good and this will affect the reputation of the company in a negative manner. According to Chen, Eberly, Chiang, Farh and Cheng (2014), with such kind of treatment to the workers will not lead to sustainable development and if there is no such change in the behavior of Foxconn towards the employees, there will be increase in the media attention. The consumers of the company are concerned relating to social behavior of company and not the profit-making motive. Furthermore, the consumers realize the work of manufacturers at cost of their own life that has increased value than the different strategies prepared by them. It is quite essential in nature that Apple Company will lose the valuable clients and there will be no such sustainable development of the company relating to the managerial system. According to Jensen and Puri (2016), the system of management at Foxconn is machinelike and not sustainable in nature. The main motive of Foxconn is to make machine as the central power as this is vital in their business. The company believes that strong leadership is essential in nature, as this will make the policies precise and accurate in nature. Ho et al., (2016) analyzed those views of Foxconn wherein they feel leadership has to be decisive and there is ethical issues and dilemma related to it as well. Chen, Eberly, Chiang, Farh and Cheng (2014) suggested that in order to overcome such issues in the company they must adopt post bureaucracy that involved shared responsibility. This includes trust between the managers and workers and there will be empowerment. The entire concept underlies the whole responsibility instead of the hierarchy and it is suggested that the organization has to be morally superior in nature to the different employees. The different ethical dilemma has been analyzed in the article that helped in analyzing the issues and solves the issues with proper implementation of different strategies. The work that is performed by Tim Cook was commendable in nature as this helped in understanding the different priorities and solves the issues in an effective manner. Ki, Kim and Ledingham (2015) agrees with the views of Ho, Li, Tam and Tong (2016) and they feel that this strategy will help in understanding requirements of the employees. The workers of the organization have to be trained that they can perform multiple tasks and handle different issues in an effective manner. The workers are well protected under labor law of China and the ID cards and the company duly signs other contracts (Weinzimmer Esken, 2016). The different kind of requests from family members is not granted and this kind of behavior is not universally acceptable. Such actions can create ethical dilemma that is faced by Apple Company. Chatterji and Toffel, (2016) commented that construct has to be made of three different components that include capacity to trust the individuals, perception of intentions and competence. The different ethics related to the workplace are of same kind of route. If the organization follows different code of ethics and conducts, such kind of ethics has to be implemented by the leader in an effective manner. When the company faces such issues and they fail to adopt such strategies, this will be affecting the company in a negative manner (Chan, Pun Selden 2013). A good and effective leader needs to analyze the issues by exhibition of the ethical behavior in a powerful manner. Ethics refer to the different virtues along with motives of the individuals along with moral development that will affect the choices of the leaders. The leaders of the different organizations require understanding the different ethical behavior in an effective manner. The best leader lives daily life and exhibit th e different values accordance to actions and styles and this will help in building trust. Conclusion The entire essay has helped in analyzing the organization from multi perspective view that helped in concluding that Foxconn is good at increasing the input along with profit and this helped them in generating products. In relation with the different allegations from the workers and ethical dilemmas, it can be concluded that organization has treated the different employees as slave and do not provide them with the rights they deserve. According to the theory of scientific and administrative management along with bureaucracy, Foxconn has managed the different workers as this helped them in maximizing profit. The different progress has been highlighted in nature that helped them in generation of the Corporate Social Responsibility in an effective manner. Therefore, it is the incidence of pressure on CEO of the company wherein he was new to the respective field tried his best in ensuring well being of individuals in the company. However, he failed in generating success to the company and this failed to maintain ethics in the business. The business world needs to analyze proper decision-making capabilities that will help in overall development of the team. The leader of the respective company needs to focus on the entire development and satisfaction of the different employees. The entire essay has used domination and machine metaphor in order to develop view on the management of the company about different workers. The author has discussed theoretical concepts in the ethics that is administrative in nature. Furthermore, there has been critical analysis of the theoretical concepts influenced the different managerial practices by performing through literature review and supported the different arguments. There have been different recommendations for the leaders in order to ensure organizational success and this made it ethical in nature. The literature review helped in focusing on different key concepts such as theories on leadership and importance of the business ethics has to be analyzed. The different consequences of the ethical dilemma in the respective company were identified and solved in an effective manner. References Chan, J., Pun, N., Selden, M. (2013). The politics of global production: Apple, Foxconn and China's new working class.New Technology, Work and Employment,28(2), 100-115. Chatterji, A., Toffel, M. W. (2016). Do CEO Activists Make a Difference? Evidence from a Field Experiment.Harvard Business School Technology Operations Mgt. Unit Working Paper, (16-100). Chen, X. P., Eberly, M. B., Chiang, T. J., Farh, J. L., Cheng, B. S. (2014). Affective trust in Chinese leaders: Linking paternalistic leadership to employee performance.Journal of management,40(3), 796-819. Collinson, D., Tourish, D. (2015). Teaching leadership critically: New directions for leadership pedagogy.Academy of Management Learning Education,14(4), 576-594. DInnocenzo, L., Mathieu, J. E., Kukenberger, M. R. (2016). A meta-analysis of different forms of shared leadershipteam performance relations.Journal of Management,42(7), 1964-1991. Demirtas, O., Akdogan, A. A. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment.Journal of Business Ethics,130(1), 59-67. Denning, P. J., Dew, N. (2015). Why our theories of innovation fail us.Communications of the ACM,58(12), 24-26. Engelen, A., Gupta, V., Strenger, L., Brettel, M. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation, firm performance, and the moderating role of transformational leadership behaviors.Journal of Management,41(4), 1069-1097. Ho, S. S., Li, A. Y., Tam, K., Tong, J. Y. (2016). Ethical image, corporate social responsibility, and RD valuation. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal. Jensen, M. R., Puri, S. (2016). iPain: What We Can Learn From Apple to Improve the Management of Acute Pain.ASA Newsletter,80(3), 44-45. Jia, L., Hall, D., Zhu, S. (2015). Trust Building in Consumer Learning Process and Its Effect on Consumers Behavioral Intention toward Mobile Payments. Jiraporn, P., Jiraporn, N., Kitsabunnarat-Chatjuthamard, P., Tong, S. (2016). Estimating the Value of Steve Jobs Using an Event Study.Available at SSRN. Ki, E. J., Kim, J. N., Ledingham, J. A. (Eds.). (2015).Public relations as relationship management: A relational approach to the study and practice of public relations. Routledge. Klenke, K. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Mendenhall, M. E., Osland, J., Bird, A., Oddou, G. R., Stevens, M. J., Maznevski, M. L., Stahl, G. K. (Eds.). (2017).Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Muenjohn, N., Armstrong, A. (2015). Transformational leadership: The influence of culture on the leadership behaviours of expatriate managers.international Journal of Business and information,2(2). Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C., e Cunha, M. P. (2014). Hope and positive affect mediating the authentic leadership and creativity relationship.Journal of Business Research,67(2), 200-210. Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., Brnnback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), 54-74. Rushe, D. (2015). Apple CEO Tim Cook challenges Obama with impassioned stand on privacy. the Guardian. Retrieved 25 May 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/feb/13/apple-ceo-tim-cook-challenges-obama-privacy Shapiro, J. P., Stefkovich, J. A. (2016).Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge. Sherif, K., Pitre, R., Kamara, M. (2016). Why Do Information System Controls Fail to Prevent Unethical Behavior?.VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems,46(2). Steiber, A., Alnge, S. (2016). Leading for Entrepreneurship. InThe Silicon Valley Model(pp. 105-120). Springer International Publishing. Weinzimmer, L. G., Esken, C. A. (2016). Risky business: Taking a stand on social issues.Business Horizons,59(3), 331-337. Windsor, D. (2016). 10 The ethical sphere: organizational politics, fairness and justice.Handbook of Organizational Politics: Looking Back and to the Future, 244.

Research Proposal on Knowledge Management Essay Example

Research Proposal on Knowledge Management Essay Knowledge Management Paper Knowledge management can be called one of the branches of management, which can help businessman create great effective strategies aimed at the development of a firm, company or corporation. When a manager knows much about the market, the most popular and required goods, he is able to plan the production of the goods people really need, which they will surely purchase. As a result, people are satisfied and business is flourishing. Knowledge management is closely connected with business and human resource management and build the basis of the business strategy. When these three components are well-developed and properly-controlled, the business will be surely profitable. Great companies devote much resources for the development of knowledge management, because this sphere helps to study the innovations in the market, popular products, and helps to react quickly towards these changes and improve production and the whole organization. The topic of knowledge management is quite interesting and useful for every person who plans to found business in future and manage it well. So, a good paper has to contain quality description of the importance of the problem, its historical background and explain what knowledge management is. Being a proposal, it should be informative, logical and convincing. Professor will value the quality of the paper and the topic on the basis of its importance, logical presentation of data and proper structure and formatting of the paper. Moreover, one has to prove that the problem is worth researching and has to do it skillfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Knowledge Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Knowledge Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Knowledge Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Students who need to write a good research proposal on knowledge management and corporate culture need to do much work in order to understand the topic and analyze its aspects from all sides. Inexperienced students often have troubles with proper formatting and composition of the paper; furthermore, they often fail to make the proposal convincing, possessing lack of knowledge and skills. It is obvious that students do not wish to fail their proposals and they try to find all possible writing help with their assignment. The best help with paper writing is the Internet with its free examples of research proposals on knowledge management system, which will be useful for every young professional. On the other hand such help should be limited, because many examples of the proposals are prepared by poorly-trained and amateur writers, so try to be careful and chose the sample attentively. In order to complete a well-structured informative paper one has to collect reliable data to possess at least basic knowledge of the problem. Moreover, if you read books, articles on the topic from various trustworthy periodicals, you will find reliable evidence which will support your point of view successfully. Having gathered information and read free samples of research proposals on knowledge management, you will be able to compose a well-analyzed informative and logical paper of your own.

Aids & Sex education essays

Aids & Sex education essays AIDS is a disorder in which the immune system loses its effectiveness, leaving the body defenseless against bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, cancerous and other diseases. The danger from AIDS comes from the infections that begin when the immune system no longer functions effectively. The intervention for dealing with AIDS which I have chosen to describe is the Retrovir brand Zidovudine (AZT or ZDV). Retrovir belongs to a class of anti-HIV drugs called Nucleoside Reverse Transcription Inhibitors (NRTIs). Zidovudine is not a cure for HIV/AIDS; it acts to inhibit the reproduction of HIV in the body. The HIV virus can still be transmitted to others during therapy with this medication. This intervention is consistent with the disease view of dealing with health because Zidovudine deals with the symptoms of HIV once it has been diagnosed. The disease view is contrasted with the individual determinants view of health whereupon health is seen as resulting from many factors, and by altering one of these factors (see Part B), a persons risk of contracting the HIV virus is decreased. Once prescribed to Zidovudine the basic requirement of the patient is that they take one 300mg tablet twice a day. This is a small but reasonably insignificant behavioral change; although presumably once diagnosed with HIV most patients will cease high-risk behaviour such as unsafe sex in order to prevent transmission of the virus to others. Under the disease view of health, treatment for HIV/AIDS begins once the patient has contracted the virus. The number of people taking Zidovudine is restricted to those that have been diagnosed with HIV. The policy of making free condoms accessible to high school students as a preventative treatment against HIV/AIDS addresses the problem from the individual determinants view. It focuses on identifying the underlying risk factors for HIV/AIDS and beginning at ground l...

Human resources in hospitality & Marketing Hospitality Research Paper

Human resources in hospitality & Marketing Hospitality - Research Paper Example Managing human resources in hospitality is a challenging experience that requires effective planning and high level of competency (Hayes & Ninemeier, 2009). An article by Jarpi (2007) explains more about human resource in hospitality. The article explains that owners of hospitality business must be rational critical thinkers and have deep understanding on the changing rules and regulations. The author further argues that promotion of employees in the hospitality industry should be based on skills and experience. Incompetent workforce is dangerous to work with since it contributes to poor performance of the business. In this regard, effective policies should be put in place to ensure smooth operation of the workforce in an organization (Ming-chih, Haiyan & Kevin, 2011). Marketing hospitality refers to the process of selling out products and services of a hospitality firm to the target market. Marketing hospitality takes different forms, for instance; advertising, product promotion, offering of competitive prices, branding and many others.. According to Reid & Bojanic (2010), effective marketing strategies should be employed in order to boost sales and profitability in the hospitality sector. Fields (2014) wrote an article postulating various hospitality marketing strategies that can be used to boost the profits of a hospitality firm. The article states that extensive market research and establishment of realistic plans for achieving the foreseen goals and objectives of a business firm are the basic factors to success. In addition, Fields further states that, accountability is a crucial factor to consider as far as marketing hospitality is concerned. The article outlines that advertisements can be done through the print and electronic media, depending on the target market and the firm’s financial position. The modern technology has aided in providing numerous avenues for posting advertisements. For instance, the use of social media

Examining Alternatives to Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Examining Alternatives to Globalization - Essay Example Economically, globalization has had the positive impact of reducing poverty. This has been through inventions which are established in the poor countries by the developed countries. The inventions create employment and at same time provide various products in the market. Socially, immigration of foreigners in the developing countries has led to improved cultural practices. Politically, globalization has led to countries adopting better ways of governance through corporations with other countries (Chan, 2002). For instance there is an increase in gender equality as many countries have had increased number of women in parliament. As opposed to the supporters, the opponents of globalization argue that globalization has led to many negative effects in the world. According to them it has led to the poor countries being poorer due the increasing price of commodities. Supporters of globalization have celebrated the increased consumerism that has resulted from access to the global market. Through globalization, different countries have been able to consume different item which are not even produced in their countries. For example in East Africa people are able to drive vehicles not made in Japan and other parts of the world. This has been made possible through the increased corporations around the globe such the trade unions. Developing countries have been adopting consumption models of the western countries. This is because their models of consumption have been the driving force in developing countries’ market liberation. As a result of globalization the worlds economy has always been on the increase .For instance community obligations associated with globalization have reduced incidences of poverty in the world. According to Chan (2002), over the last thirty five years the third world countries have made a significant progress in poverty reduction.

BIOL 260-Microbiology (Bacterial Unknown Lab report) Report

BIOL 260-Microbiology (Bacterial Unknown ) - Lab Report Example On the basis of morphology after performing Gram staining one was identified as Gram positive Cocci while other was identified as Gram negative Bacilli. Further, colony characteristics, biochemical tests as well as specific tests the micro-organisms were carried out to reach to the correct identification of the micro-organism. The Catalase test was performed which was positive, eliminating the chances of unknown sample to be Streptococcus (which is catalase negative). Further, Mannitol fermentation was positive for this unknown sample which eliminates the chances of S. aureus (Mannitol negative) from the sample. Further, presence of pigment was observed to eliminate the chances of S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus (both these organisms do not have pigment). Since the colony color was found to be yellow the identification tapers to the presence of Micrococcus sp. In order to further segregate the Micrococcus sp. presence or absence of glucose fermentation was observed. The result was negative confirming the absence of Micrococcus varians (which displays glucose fermentation) and presence of Micrococcus luteus (does not display gluc ose fermentation). The second unknown bacteria was aerobic as it was catalase as well as oxidase positive. Since it is Gram negative aerobic bacilli the identification tapers to the possibility of either Helicobacter salinarum, Alcaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Since citrate utilization was positive in the biochemical test it could be Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Alcaligenes faecalis. To eliminate one of the species to taper the identification further, growth was observed which was moderate and hence probability of Pseudomonas was eliminated (as Pseudomonas display abundant growth). Manipulative skills and cognitive microbiological knowledge are essential for the identification of microorganism beyond

The Potential Positive And Negative Socio Cultural Impacts Tourism Essay

The Potential Positive And Negative Socio Cultural Impacts Tourism Essay Tourism is a product that is produced and consumed at the same time. Tourism affects the economy and lives of communities and has proven to be a lifesaver for many destinations. Impacts occur when tourism changes the value systems/ behavior, threatening native identity and that changes occur in community structure, family relationships, ceremonies, collective traditional styles and morality. Tourism can also cause positive impacts as it can serve as a helpful force for peace, help avoid urban relocation by creating local jobs and foster pride in cultural traditions. The type of tourist will have a differing effect on the host community. The mass tourist is less likely to adapt to the local cultures and will seek amenities and standards found in his home community. On the other hand the independent tourist will adapt more readily. The process of tourism development is very important because the speed and nature of development can be a major influence on the magnitude and direction of socio-cultural changes. The term socio-cultural impacts refer to changes to residents everyday experiences, as well as to their values, way of life, and intellectual and artistic products. The positive and negative impacts of tourism on the Cyprus socio-cultural structure has been an issue for a long time. Social impacts can be considered as changes in the lives of people who live in destination communities, which are connected with tourist actions in regard to moral conduct, creative expressions. Cultural impacts can be the changes in the arts, traditional ceremonies, customs and rituals and architecture of people that result from tourism activity. Witt (1991) claims that, the greater the difference between the host community and the tourists the greater will be the affect of tourism on society. This presents a challenge to decision makers in regard to the type of tourism that a destination is trying to attract. Thus, for example, at the national level a specific development might be justified on the grounds that it is positive for the society as a whole even if on average it is not positive for the host community. All travelers seek tourism experience, yet very diffe rent goals and objectives are required through different roles and behaviors. This occurs because in Cyprus are many different types of tourists. Each type of tourist can be expected to behave differently while visiting a destination. Certain groups can be seen as more exploitive and less sensitive to social and cultural values. Explorers blend into the Cyprus life as local people do and stay longer but they have contact with fewer people than members of a charter tour that moves through Cyprus for shopping or sightseeing. In the case of Cyprus, the tourist policy of the Cyprus Tourism Organization aims to attract middle and high-income class tourists in order to minimize possible resentment between locals and tourists. According to statistics by Eurostat, Cypriots enjoy a higher standard of living than other regions and the type of tourist that visits the island is not the typical high and middle class income tourist but mostly youngsters who tend to reach their limits once they are abroad. The effects of tourists behavior and activities on young people in the area are very noticeable. The increase in drug trafficking and crime are the two major effects of tourism on the local community. Young people tend to spend a lot of their free time away from their families and from community activities since they spend more time in the tourist areas going out clubbing or at bars. As a result, we have an increase in the number of school dropouts and in the number of people smoking at early stages of their age. C yprus is considered to be one of the few destinations that have controlled tourism well, and it is now repaying the benefits. Cyprus is still an up market destination offering a friendly atmosphere and high quality service. Cyprus has always marketed itself as a prestige resort. Surveys show that many residents see the tourists as a breath of fresh air into the society, economy and life of the locals. The Cyprus Tourism Organization is aiming to keep its high quality and consequently its up market clientele by offering excellent facilities and different types of tourism activities such as Agro Tourism, Bird Watching and Cycling. To achieve this selective advertising and promotion are adopted in order to attract this type of customer. The development of the Tourist Industry led to an improvement in the standard of living for the local people in several areas as tourism expenditure increases the income and improve the standard of living and the quality of life for the locals. Tourism also contributes to the development of infrastructure with the building of airports, new roads, restaurants and hospitals, attraction to enable greatest number of citizens to benefit from the cultural, recreational and leisure activities of the tourism sector. Tourism has also aided in arising the interest for art festivals and crafts, for example weaving, embroidery, wood crafting, pottery etc that have been practiced in small villages for hundreds of years. The impact of tourism on the conservation of old buildings is also both positive and negative. Cyprus residents claim that tourists look for and appreciate local architecture and authentic traditional style, so a lot of buildings are being renovated or conserved as mainly tourist attractions, which would have been destroyed by eager owner. On the other hand, old buildings do not have enough capacity to provide accommodation for the growing number of tourists, so they are destroyed to give room to new and large guest houses with appropriate capacity and tourist facilities. The media have described Paralimni and Agia Napa as a round-the clock neon-lit cosmopolitan mini-metropolis and topless sex capital of Cyprus. The majority state that tourists have a negative effect on the Cypriot way of life and that tourism changes the traditional culture, also it decreases the lifestyle quality of Cypriots who live in tourist areas. The extreme concentration of tourists resulted in the modification of social attitudes among young people, particularly towards sexual behavior. The European way of living has altered the Cypriot society as younger generations are seeking different values than their families, and thus resulting in weaker family bonds. A number of researchers examined the link between the perception that tourism contributes to increase in crime and the support for its development. The crime is related to resident perceptions of tourism development. There is also an increase in prostitution and rise in criminal activity and possible anger between local a nd tourists. Rural population, long term residents, farmers, and younger segments perceive tourism as contributing to an increase in crime especially in the area of Agia Napa. Agia Napa is advertised as a place of great consumption of alcohol, sex, drugs and crime and a great damage caused by thousands of topless beach goers. Moreover the massive arrival of youngsters changed the image of the area from a fun relaxing atmosphere to more of a nightlife entertainment with many nightclubs and discos. As a result, there is an increase in drug trafficking and crime as well as the young generation in Cyprus has started to adopt different set of values on morality and style of dressing which is not acceptable by the older generations. Tourists have altered the Cypriot values and beliefs especially among the young generation and as mentioned before the dress code has changed and nudity is much more acceptable now. In spite of all negative and positive impacts of tourism on the socio-cultural structure of Cyprus it is not yet clear whether the benefits outweigh the costs. In general, the residents of Cyprus have a positive attitude toward tourism. Since the success of tourism depends very much on the human attitudes and behavior of the residents of a destination towards tourists, this seems to be an encouraging result for the future of tourism development. Residents recognize a range of potential positive and negative impacts of tourism however, current attitudes are generally quite positive and there is support for future modest increase in tourism. The tourism development strategy should aim to protect local culture, respect local traditions and promote local ownership and management of programs and projects so as to foster community stewardship of the natural resource base. As integrated processes take time, tourism umbrella organizations should start with voluntary self-restraint, until loc ally adapted objectives have been reached.

George Gordon Byron Essay -- George Gordon Byron Essays Biography

George Gordon Byron   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their are many different opinions on the written works of George Gordon Byron which could include one very big question. Was he a natural born poet or simply a product of abuse and mental illness. His writings may have been more a way to ease his pa and suffering rather than a natural talent. Perhaps his writings were a form of self therapy? Throughout his writings and life history there is much evidence to suggest that his poetry was being greatly influenced by his mental instability. I have l rned much on this great poet and I too believe that his writings were influenced greatly because of the pain and abuse he suffered in his youth. I will attempt to point out the many possibilities to this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  George Gordon Byron was known as Lord Byron during his lifetime. Byron was born in 1788 and died at the early age of thirty-six in the year 1824. His handsome face, riotous living and many love affairs made Byron the most talked-of man of his day. H was known as a romantic, fascinating figure to his fellow Englishmen. In our current century his reputation has dwindled to merely being known as a poet. His childhood was colorful to say the least. There is much evidence to suggest mental instabilit was inherent in his family. Byron was born on Jan.22, 1788 in London. His great-uncle from whom he inherited the title, was known as â€Å"wicked Lord Byron†; his father army officer, was called â€Å"mad Jack† Byron. This wealth and the nick names of the Byron en went back to at least as far a Lord Byron’s’ Grandfather, a Vice Admiral, known as â€Å"Foul Weather Jack†. He was giving this name as he had a reputation of attracting storms. These titles given to his family only adds to the evidence of mental insta lity. Here’s an interesting note: (His family had a long tradition of marrying its cousins, consequently, there were some oddities among their ancestors. Byron’s grandfather â€Å"Foul Weather Jack† hated his sons and spent a great deal of time trying to destroy their estate, Newstead. He hoped to leave nothing for his sons, so he encouraged swarms of crickets o run throughout the house.) (His Life www.edenpr.k12.mn.usephs/ArcadiaWeb)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Born with a clubfoot, he was sensitive about it all his life. When he was just three his father died, leaving the family with nearly nothing to survive on. His parents, Catherine Gordon Byron (of the ... ..., self-sacrificing, and accepting of her ate to the point of victimization. In the early episode, Donna Julia breads somewhat out of this role by being the older (23 years old!) married woman and not the innocent girl. Byron thus somewhat reverses gender roles and has the sexually mature woman take a m e active role in seducing the naive and innocent young man. (Don Juan, Canto I http://citd.scar.untoronto.ca/English/ENGBO2Y/DonJuan.html).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that Lord Byron was expressing is own pain of the sexual abuse he endured b May Grey at school in his earlier childhood in the character Donna Julia. So in my opinion of all I have discovered about this literary poet is that Lord Byron was not born with a talent for writing poetry. He however did write from his own heart. Wh h is what a truly brilliant poet must do. Had he not have been exposed to physical and sexual abuse in his youth. I feel there is a good possibility he would have never written a single poem He would have had a different profession altogether along w h an entirely different life style. The world was blessed with the many poems of Lord Bryon but only through the suffering of another human being.

Afghan American Story Essay

The entire story of the book entitled â€Å"West of Kabul, East of New York: An Afghan American Story† started as an e-mail sent by the author himself to at least 20 people which in turn got forwarded to 1,000 or more people in the entire American region and some other parts of the world. The email was sent after the September 11 bombing in New York which wiped out the twin towers [World Trade Center] and some parts of the Pentagon structures. The startling situation that surprised the whole world began to bring up notions and allegations against the Afghan community which was the primary suspect in the said event. This particular situation has lead to the wanting of the author to present his situation as bi-cultural American-Afghan and the views that he may be able to partake in clearing some issues in the case. The author, Tamim Ansary was a well-known author of Children’s books. However, with the even of the September 11 bombing arising in the scene, he decided to change his approach for a while and set a straight path in presenting the reality behind the Afghan communities and cultures against that of the Taliban fictionary stories that were mixed up with the reports during that particular event in history. The use of his personal experience in this reading has made Tamim Ansary one of the most entertaining authors of history. His enlightened view of his situation and his personal being gave at least a glimpse of the reality behind the Afghan communities. The issues were at least presented in a less political approach thus making the readers focus more on the personal views of the author as a person who is torn between two conflicting cultures at the time. Using the emails as a prologue to the book made it more personal and highly regarded by the public. Although it was not a mere process of marketing on the part of the author himself but a personal aim of reaching to the hearts of those who are concerned about the current situation governing Afghanistan and America, it could not be denied that the emails became the most effective invite to the readers to buy the book of Ansary. One particular part of the book that highlights the personality change in the author’s being is that of his transfer to the Americas during his 16th year of age. Most likely, being half American, half Afghanistan made him a bit torn on which culture he ought to follow as a growing teen. However, the circumstance of his life seems to already have decided on this matter. His being acquainted and later on familiarized with the American culture during his earlier years of teenage has actually shaped him into an exact American individual that he is right now. Something that made a great impact on him that even though when he went back to Afghanistan and learned about his Islam roots in a deeper view, he remained being an American thus deciding to be called as â€Å"Tamim Ansary, the American†. This particular decision on his part may have caused several readers to exclaim that he may not have considered his Afghan roots as much as he should. However, it should be noted that as a person who is bicultural, he has every reason of deciding on which part of his being he should stand strongest at. Seeing the situations entangling both cultures, perhaps he saw himself better as an American than that of an Afghan. This particular decision is based upon his own gauge of himself. No one should actually judge him based on this decision as it only depicts the real person that he is with regards his own measurement of his personality and nothing more. This decision is a right that he has to accept and act upon; anyway, whether he chooses to be an American or an Afghan, in the end, it would still be him that would decide on how he should be known by the people that he lives with and it is not through the historical roots of his cultures but through the being that he has become as an individual who aims to become the best . As mentioned earlier, Ansary decided to come to America for his high school education. This may have raised issues, but on the other hand, he is indeed able to see his American roots in as he made this particular decision in his life. As a 16 year-old young man, he was able to rationally consider the differences of being and Afghan and an American thus making him more knowledgeable of who he really is or who he really wants to become. His standing as an individual on which culture he wanted to be most likely acquainted with has been further developed in this stage in his life. Undeniably, this experience in his life made him more developed as an individual giving him all the skills and the possibilities that he needs in his life. Obviously, he became the author that he wanted to become because of being an American. His career soared because his choice was quite clear. He did not abandon being an Afghan through this process as others may conclude. As he turned into a more adult person, his want of seeing his Afghan roots furthered that he decided to travel back to Afghanistan and discover the culture and the history of the country with a more mature view as a freelance journalist. This decision in his part made him see what kind of life he would have possibly been living through all his life if he chose to remain in Afghanistan. This situation made him appreciate the decision that he has made in transferring to America for further high school education. He knew within himself though that the afghan part of his being remained in tact and is still and would always hone the individual that he is inside. It is already a part of who he is and would always be a part of who he becomes later on. He grew up as a Muslim. This is obviously no part of his own decision, but getting absorbed with the culture at an early age could have been one of his particular decisions to have taken responsibility about. Being absorbed much in the Muslim culture has further hardened his process of recognizing his other culture in a much acceptable process. This may have been dealt with earlier in a more decisive way on his part. However, giving him the benefit of the doubt, he was rather young during those years to make certain actions and decision upon himself. At some parts of the book later on, he points out the differences of the Americans and the Islam communities in the east. The differences were quite presented in a biased view that showed more concern of the American culture’s positivity. This may have raised questions but it could not be denied that the author had these views because of the fact that he was able to actually see the differences of the two cultures in different distinctive perspectives of knowledge and involvement. He could have at least made the differences depict the positive effects of the culture to his development as an individual. As an Afghan-American individual, he was further developed into a person who knows the differences of a traditional life with that of a more democratic way of living. He showed how much an Islam could change in a different culture that is presented to him in a more vivid picture. He changed as much as he could and became a democratic individual as he embraced the American culture as a youngster. The presentation may however be one particular flaw of the book to some readers particularly because of the fact that it may have been viewed with some certain bias on the presentation of the views of the author with the situations that he faced as a young Afghan American in fitting in with the western culture. To present the facts with more objectiveness on the subject, it is constantly required among authors to have a balanced presentation of both sides of the facts that they are tying to show the readers. This could have been done consistently in the entire book as to how Ansary presented the first parts of the reading. One more part of the reading that ought to be changed is that of the author’s handling of the changes that he had to face as an Afghan-American during his 16th year of age. He ought to have been able to immediately adapt to the changes needed in his original culture if he has tried to make the changes more delicately related to his original Islam culture. Adjustments were acceptably hard to accept immediately but the changes were likely more effective if he was able to relate how Islam culture could be more related to that of the American lifestyle.

Role of Motivation and Individual Behavior

Role of Motivation and Individual Behavior Free Online Research Papers There might be a role of the motivation in what obtain individual’s attention, importance, confidence or satisfaction in an individual situation. Also, it is possible that there is a role of the motivation in what heightens Individual Behavior will, the nature of his goals, eagerness for success or fail, furthermore what is considered suitable identification for gaining achievement. As this kind of motivation is not static, it might change as some other motivation adapt to the Individual circumstance. Many studies have been conducted on Individual behavior to learn during the past decades. There is also a growing body of experimental proposals on Individual behaviors into the UAE society. However, none of these studies specifically addressed any culturally different variables that might affect such individuals’ motivation or its change as an Individual becomes familiarized to the social environment. Further, most previous studies on local individual behaviors were conducted in Western higher education institutions as well as some other local UAE universities that gave emphasis to the need for more information on cross-cultural background on such society. The progression theories of motivation suggest that both the specific Individual characteristics along with the same country circumstances must be taken into consideration in order to understand motivation and concentrate on motivational issues. In the other hands, motivation is a utility of internal and external complex factors. Changes in the specific market background as well as changes in individual behavior for such persons of improvement show the way to changes in their motivational responses. As such researches which were by several high reputed higher education institutions in individual behavior for such societies in the Middle East in general and in United Arab Emirates in particular, these researches have given way into individual impact. These theories were giving into the center of attention on individual development and change processes. Societies in order of the way for growth and searching for excellence including on the increased ability, besides managing emotions, along with stirring into sovereignty, in addition to grown-up interpersonal interface, increasing rationale, on the enhance distinctiveness, as well as rising reliability. On the other hand, such society may contact such models which are spotlight on impression changeable manipulating individual behavior change. However, in generally, both the social cultural along with country economy impact which might be illustrated while such individuals may adopt some of the same country cultural impacts. Consequently, it is important to make use of from the motivation theories that Individual coming into a motivation experience keen on such motivation phases of crisis, adjustment, as well as variation. It is a problem in several motivation differences belongings that the greater alternative enforces individual on the less powerful behavior. This is done without any assessment which type of motivation would be the more appropriate one for the latest approach. This advance may guide to a successful individual along with integration promptly in some situations. In additional situations, though, this technique will demolish much of the value that was expected to grow from the individual. Particularly when both partners are extreme unlike, it needs a nearer assessment, which culture will be finest for mutually together. Main Findings and discussion Some of the main study findings too many alternatives such like; role of motivation work of narrative experiences such as a joint effort, manipulating about and through middle management affect and control as well as extra efforts in some specific events such as working in special task and reinforcement into such environment that helps to reduce the explained role of motivation affection the Individual Behavior. This motivating experiences either fit closely with the individual interests or with their more role of motivation, although most of the persons did not experience team-work as a social strategy in large societies, the general role of motivation is collaborative and behavior oriented. As well, all of the persons should be interested in working together for their mutual benefits. During their first year when the new persons join the work, it has been observed that several de-motivating different experiences including using difficult tools and scope in order to perform the required task. However, usually management is not allowing persons to choose their own assignments to proceed. It should be noted that the person and motivation methodology were different than what such persons used to be familiar in his own behavior. We have to note that the some of the individual approaches have significantly improved during the past few years. Individual experiences, perceptions and reactions seem to fit the first phase of both the individual behavior and group adaptation models. However, one has to note that many organizations in the UAE social world are too young in their life cycle, therefore, these organizations are just had adopted new policies, management, and regulations and bylaws. Individual’s reactions to the de-motivating experiences also changed notably by the years were going on at work. Persons at this stage felt confident and grew broadminded. They explain to their management their needs, talk among themselves, rely on themselves, and listen to the management regardless of the type of instruction. At worse, they try to ignore worthlessness of materials and just do their task peacefully. One of the major findings of this revision is the motivational consequence of role of Motivation. After initial awareness and excitement, individual in new role of Motivation situations enter the crisis phase. The crisis phase often emerges in terms of negative experiences and reactions. Individual’s de-motivating affecting reactions and behavioral reactions are understandable expressions of the crisis stage. Moreover, persons become inattentive with learning how to adapt to the new role of Motivation environment. To adapt successfully into a new role of Motivation environment, individual must expand problem-solving skills. Furthermore, persons may extend the proficiency and approach necessary to cooperate, resolve problems, and complete responsibilities productively in the new atmosphere. Recommendations After all above discussions, we can come up with some results show that individual behavior is dependable with role of Motivation on features concerning to control relationships and supervision systems but not with features connecting to Motivation interaction and motivation systems. Outcomes also give you an idea about that influence and motivation affiliation objects were large amounts contributive to the practices of in the approved manners categorizing societies into their particular motivation factions. Overall, the conclusion seems to fit the models of individual behavior which penetrating the motivation issues, as discussed above in details. This revision presents an approaching into the motivation unpredictable that have an effect on individuals’ motivations as well as the effect of such variables on the transforms that may come to mind to individuals’ motivations as they become accustomed motivation environment. Such informative results are highly appreciated especially while giving a serious feedback about the work force. Moreover, consequence of this study could bring up to date motivational individual behavior and at similar motivation environment in. Furthermore, such case study outcomes could also be used to set up confident procedures for Individual Behavior. In total, outcome of this work will shed light on role of Motivation factors that affect individual’s motivation as well as the developments and prototypes of motivational transform as individual become accustomed to Motivation environment. Additional paying attention investigation is looked-for to illustrate the progression of individual motivational improvement in a enhancing the role of Motivation. References: 1) Beech, Nic, â€Å"Manging People in Organizations†, the University of Strathclyde, Glasco, UK, 2005 2) Francesco, Gold, International Organizational Behavior†, Pearson Prentice Hall,2005, 3) Business Encyclopedia; accessed on 24/12/2009; referenceforbusiness.com/small/Op-Qu/Organizational-Behavior.html 4) Thomson, Rosemary, Managing People, Second Edition, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, UK. 2002, 5) Management Techniques; Center for Democracy Technology- Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) Censorship Free Expression Archive; accessed on 24/12/2009;; lonsteins.com/management_techniques.html 6) Encyclopedia of Small Business; accessed on 24/12/2009;; http://business.enotes.com/ small-business-encyclopedia/organizational-behavior Research Papers on Role of Motivation and Individual BehaviorThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThree Concepts of PsychodynamicIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part OneStandardized TestingPETSTEL analysis of India