Journal Review - Incoherence of the moral ought, an analysis of a paper by Elizabeth Anscombe entitled, Modern Moral Philosophy.

Diary Review - Incoherence of the good should, an investigation of a paper by Elizabeth Anscombe entitled, Modern Moral Philosophy. The Incoherence of the Moral 'Should,' a diary article by Duncan Richter, is an investigation of a paper by Elizabeth Anscombe entitled, 'Present day Moral Philosophy.' In this examination, Mr. Richter is just worried about Anscombe's subsequent theory, which states as follows:The ideas of good commitment and good obligation (what is ethically right and ethically off-base, and the ethical feeling of 'should,' should be casted off if this is mentally conceivable; on the grounds that they are stabilities, or subsidiaries from stabilities, from a prior origination of morals which no longer for the most part endures and are just unsafe without it.According to this postulation, Mr. Richter incorporates his postulation with five sections. Section one sums up Elizabeth Anscombe's exploration as indicated by her subsequent proposition. Anscombe's complaint is to restrain the utilization of such words as 'should,' 'should,' 'needs' and 'most.' She attests that there are two uses for such word s, being either standard or objectionable.Richter; Miss Lagler, German Avt. (LOC)In the conventional feeling of the particular case, 'should,' the word is basic. The significance of this feeling of the word is that on the off chance that one 'should' accomplish something, at that point without doing as such, such an outcome will limit bliss for someone in particular. Alternately, the frightful feeling of the word is the 'ethical sense' in which 'a decision is suggested on the thought being referred to without help of a calculated structure to make the idea of such a decision intelligent.' at the end of the day, this appears to induce that suggestions to legitimateness of any kind, regardless of whether it be the administration or heavenly law, are shocking to Anscombe and hence ought to be destroyed from our terminology.In parts two and three, Mr. Richter presents reactions of the proposition dependent on Kurt Baier and Peter Winch, individually. Kurt Baier is by all accounts less f ascinating on Mr. Richter's rundown of need to...

Power point use in work envirnoment free essay sample

Cynthia Computer Application-205 Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint Microsoft Word-Microsoft Corporation was established in 1975 lead worldwide in the turn of events and creation of programming and programming related administrations and arrangements. At first known for home PCs, Microsoft, headquartered in Washington, presently offers different working frameworks and programming for PCs. This global organization endeavors to help the overall business network improve effectiveness and efficiency. As of late, this organization has struggled analysis concerning what some think about monopolistic, against serious strategic approaches. In spite of legitimate mishaps including antitrust infringement endorsed by the US Department of Justice, Microsoft stays a significant player in its field. In today’s business condition requests the sharing of information, portable innovation and quick correspondence. Microsoft gives devices empowering business to be beneficial and convey viably paying little mind to area. Standpoint fills in as the entryway for email, assignments, schedule and contacts. Microsoft office line workspace, flaunting on the web extra room, empowers clients to spare access and offer reports all through the world. We will compose a custom article test on Force point use in work envirnoment or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Versatile Technology like cell phones, which flexibly the client with cutting edge figuring alternatives permit you to remain associated with organizations. Microsoft office Accounting Express 2008 offers little beginning up or at home organizations an asset for bookkeeping preparing and systems. The product incorporates solicitations, spending plan and money format and benefit and misfortune proclamations. Office Excel outperforms manual, paper-based spreadsheets regarding usability and exactness. Organizations go up against an ever-developing number of security dangers. Numerous organizations choose for use Microsoft Vista working framework as a measure to ensure their information. Vista flaunts account control, investigating and analytic highlights and spyware blocker. Microsoft Security Essentials, present in 2009, offers antimalware arrangements at no expense to customers who utilize Genuine Windows-based PCs. Enormous business may pick Microsoft Windows Vista Ultimate; Ultimate offers Bit Lockers Drive Encryption for most extreme information assurance. Microsoft lost its remaining as the main worldwide programming organization in May 2010. Apple, once nearly annihilation concentrated on inventive, new buyer items to produce development; a well known line of hand-held gadgets added to the company’s flood in productivity. Conversely, Microsoft, in spite of irregular new frameworks discharges, essentially lies basically on saving the current business. Despite the fact that Microsoft stays a solid player in the market, the organization keeps on confronting hardened rivalry. PowerPoint is an incredible apparatus for representative preparing and web based learning. Entrepreneurs and friends chiefs can utilize the projects to make convincing and intelligent slide shows to exhibit new items, train new laborers and help existing clients take advantage of the items they purchase. Actually there are a considerable number preferences to utilizing PowerPoint as an internet learning apparatus. A most remarkable aspect concerning PowerPoint is the way that it can corporate liveliness highlights and clasp workmanship. Its capacity to fuse sound is another incredible advantage of PowerPoint as a web based learning apparatus. The sound elements of this program can make the slide show progressively intelligent and less exhausting, and too can urge guests to remain with the preparation. Organizations can utilize this intelligent component of PowerPoint to defeat issues and make their instructional courses convincing. PowerPoint contains various ground-breaking intuitiveness devices that makes it simple for clients to connect with the consideration of the whole online crowd. The improvement done to Excel 2007 and Excel 2010 is the capacity to amass the dates in the dropdown list into years and months. That implies you don’t need to make another segment to distinguish the years and months of each column utilizing Excel recipes. In Excel 2010, you can redo your own Ribbon tab. It very well may be utilized as orders in a single spot. Along these lines you don't need to click starting with one tab then onto the next to discover your generally utilized order. In the prior long stretches of Excel (2003 and underneath), arranging must be done dependent on the shading coding in the cell, Not just that, you can likewise sort the records by the text style shading. That’s new in Excel 2002 and 2010. Numerous restrictive isn't made simple Excel 2007 and 2010. In the more seasoned Excel form 2003 and beneath, we are to check dependent on one single condition. When utilizing Excel 2003, various conditions total must be finished utilizing the recipe SUMPRODUCT or consolidating all the conditions into one preceding applying the equation SUMIF to information. With the new Excel 2007, you can now effectively summarize the qualities dependent on more than one condition by utilizing the SUMIF’s fomula.

An Overview of Stimulants and How Theyre Used

An Overview of Stimulants and How They're Used July 12, 2019 Yagi Studio/Digital Vision/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Stimulants are a class of psychoactive drug that increases activity in the brain. These drugs can temporarily elevate alertness, mood, and awareness. Some stimulant drugs are legal and widely used. Many stimulants can also be addicting. Stimulants share many commonalities, but each has unique properties and mechanisms of action. Drugs that are classed as stimulants include: CaffeineNicotineCocaineMethamphetaminePrescription stimulants Caffeine Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world,?? found in coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate candy, and soft drinks. While caffeine has several positive effects such as increasing energy and mental alertness, heavy use can cause symptoms such as anxiety and insomnia. Caffeine is physically addictive, and withdrawal symptoms can include headaches, fatigue, and irritability.?? Nicotine Nicotine is considered one of the three most widely used psychoactive drugs?? in the world despite the fact that there are few (if any) medical uses for the drug. During the early to mid-twentieth century, smoking was considered fashionable. Reports of the adverse health consequences have led to cigarette use being increasingly shunned. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that in 2014, approximately 17 percent of U.S. adults over the age of 18 (around 40 million individuals) smoke cigarettes.?? The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of death, disease, and disability in the U.S., with cigarette use attributed to more than 480,000 premature deaths each year.?? Cocaine Cocaine is an illegal psychoactive drug made from the leaves of the coca tree. During the late 1800s, psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud advocated the use of cocaine as a therapeutic treatment for psychological disorders, but later realized the addictive properties of the drug. During the early 1900s, cocaine was legal in the U.S. and could be found in many over-the-counter medications. In 1906, the government began requiring manufacturers to label cocaine-containing products and began placing serious restrictions on distribution by the early 1920s. Cocaine is a restricted substance and its use and sale are considered illegal in most cases. Today, cocaine is one of the most frequently used illegal drugs in the United States.?? Cocaine is rapidly absorbed from any administration point, including being snorted, inhaled, injected or taken orally. The drug reaches the brain quickly and is then distributed to other tissues throughout the body. Cocaine is rapidly metabolized by enzymes in the liver and plasma in approximately 30 to 60 minutes but can be detected in urine tests for up to 12 hours after administration.?? Methamphetamine Methamphetamine, also known as meth, is extremely addictive and destroys tissues in the brain, which can lead to brain damage.?? Prescription Stimulants Prescription stimulants are a group of psychoactive drugs that affect the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. Some of the effects of using these drugs include tremors, vasoconstriction, restlessness, tachycardia, insomnia, agitation and loss of appetite. These agents were once widely used in obesity and weight loss treatments, but their addictive properties have caused them to be rarely used today for that purpose.   Prescription stimulants are currently used to treat some physical and psychological disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Common names of prescription stimulants include Ritalin, Adderall, and Dexedrine. Prescription stimulants work by enhancing the effects of dopamine and norepinephrine and can lead to increased blood pressure, respiratory function and euphoria.

Trial By Fire The Forging Of Modern Physics - 3319 Words

Trial By Fire: The Forging of Modern Physics (DRAFT EDITION) Most often, great minds are few and far between. It is an unusual circumstance for a collection of brilliant thinkers to exist at the same time, and even more strange for them to collaborate or clash. Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz are a spectacular demonstration of this phenomenon. Throughout their careers in mathematics and physics, the two often found themselves at arms over everything from credit for discoveries to the nature of space itself. Despite both scientists producing profound and influential work in their fields, many of their works contradict each other, and they often clashed over findings. Although the the scientific developments of Newton and Leibniz were often in contradiction to each other, the past, and the present, their works became essential to the creation of more complete modern theories. Of the conflicts that occurred between these great scientists, the two with the most profound impacts were over the founding of calculus and the nature of the fabric of space as it relates to motion. With regards to the debates over credit for calculus, feuding between the two scientists outlined their personalities and methodologies of production, which varied greatly based on attitude and—consequently—actions. Letters between the two, as well as publicly documented debate, not only paint a portrait of the two scientists, but provide insight into their processes of deduction and how theyShow MoreRelatedScientific Management30702 Words   |  123 Pagesworkmen. Under the ordinary type of management the necessity for offering the workman a special inducement has come to be so generally recognized that a large proportion of those most interested in the subject look upon the adoption of some one of the modern schemes for paying men (such as piece work, the premium plan, o r the bonus plan, for instance) as practically the whole system of management. Under scientific management, however, the particular pay system which is adopted is merely one of the subordinateRead MoreScientific Management30696 Words   |  123 Pagesworkmen. Under the ordinary type of management the necessity for offering the workman a special inducement has come to be so generally recognized that a large proportion of those most interested in the subject look upon the adoption of some one of the modern schemes for paying men (such as piece work, the premium plan, or the bonus plan, for instance) as practically the whole system of management. 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Proposal For Higher Education - 1162 Words

Current Research Current research over student debt and its burden has allowed an insight and analyzation over the government’s role in higher education at the federal, state, and local level. Through data of institution cost efficiency and inefficiency, tax exporting, and the backgrounds of student borrowers, policymakers and can create a visual representation of the importance of state allocations towards higher education. Government matters. A study done by Sav (2016), explores the decreases in state and federal Pell Grant funding for public colleges in the United States whose funding decreased from 32% to 23% from 2004-2013. Sav’s study concluded that state funding appropriations contributed significantly to the higher education†¦show more content†¦Second, it is crucial that the states, rather than the federal government solely, play a more concrete role in reducing the burden for millions of student borrowers. Third, policymakers should take into consideration the dynamics and backgrounds of the student body in higher education institutions when considering appropriations. Collective Themes Several themes and elements are recurrent in this research of college affordability. Federalism concerns add fuel to the debate of the role of government in higher education policymaking. Ethical, equity, economic, and political issues arise that divide citizens between considering higher education a public or a private good, whether it has economic benefits, and whether it is worth taxpayer dollars. The themes are consistent through the perspectives of the history, media, government enactments, public opinion, political parties, interest groups and research. Federalism The relationship between the national government and state governments has changed and expanded immensely (Kraft Furlong, 2015). How does the issue of rising tuition, high student loan interests, and student debt detail federalism? 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Theory of Language Free Essays

1. THEORY OF LANGUAGE The theory of language underlying Duysel Learning was derived from a view of proposed by Turkish Linguistics in the 2000s. Duysel Learning Method involves both the learning of language knowledge and the cultivation of language skills, with the emphasis on both the form and the content of a language. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now In teaching practice, its all-inclusive nature requires English teachers to select special and effective teaching methods in conformity with its special tasks to avoid turning it into a pure practical course of oral English or a pure theoretical one on grammar. Regardless of all criticism it has received, the grammar-translation method has been an indispensable method in English teaching as well as a necessary step in the cultivation of students’ communicative ability in a non-English environment. A person cannot have successful communication before having a correct mastery of language rules. Although the applicability of the communicative method has been widely accepted, this method is confronted with some practical problems. I think we should search for a fusion between the traditional teaching method and the modern teaching method with a more rational attitude based on the learner’s practical ability and request that is, adopting a new method fusing the two methods together in one class of comprehensive English. 1. THEORY OF LEARNING Language is the most important aspect in the life of all beings. We use language to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complex and abstract thought, to learn to communicate with others, to fulfill our wants and needs, as well as to establish rules and maintain our culture. Language is a subtle and complex instrument used to communicate an incredible number of different things, but for our purposes here we can reduce the universe of communication to four basic categories: information, direction, emotion, and ceremony. The first two are often treated together because they express cognitive meaning while the latter two commonly express emotional meaning. Language is not learned primarily by learning the â€Å"rules† but rather by first listening to and understanding the spoken language and then practicing speaking. Occasionally, however, learning of rules can help many adults learn and use the language. Just do not make rules the focus of the course. While repetition and memorization can play an important role in language learning, they cannot by themselves insure that students will be able to use the language for any real purpose. Repetition and memorization, if used, must be accompanied by other activities requiring the application of the learned patterns in novel situations and with variation in vocabulary and even structure. . DESIGN a. Objectives/Syllabus In Duysel Learning Method, grammar teaching is not intended for studying grammar but help students to grasp language rules and fulfill listening, speaking, reading and writing practice in a better way. As a result, teachers should create situations for real activities according to students’ daily life to guide students to understand, grasp and use grammar correctly in such situations. I once adopted a four-step method including introduction, imitation, summary and application to promote grammar teaching at comprehensive English class. In the introduction section, the teacher gives oral demonstration on some original or relevant sentences related to a certain grammar rule in order to introduce it. Selected examples should be in conformity with certain communicative situations hence putting it across to students to what situations this grammar rule applies. In the imitation process, students are required to have oral imitation of some expressions fit for the given situation after understanding examples, which further establishes a pattern for correct use of grammar knowledge in a new situation as well as checks whether they have understood the given knowledge points or not. In the summary part, students are guided to sum up grammatical rules and points by analyzing specific situations themselves so that they will enjoy the joy of success. Students are expected to take notes so as to accumulate material for review. In the last step, some real situations are set to help students to practice using the learnt grammatical knowledge to have communication. Once they find that they can apply grammar to real communication and specific tasks instead of memorizing grammatical rules, students’ learning enthusiasm will be stimulated and their ability of independent analysis and solving problems will be cultivated as well. b. Types of Learning and Teaching Activities Duysel Learning Method emphasizes students’ comprehensive training in listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation. Due to the specialty of listening and speaking training, they are usually dealt with separately while other three skills are mainly trained through the learning of texts. As for listening and speaking, students are expected to follow classes given in English, to understand short conversations, lectures as well as reports with familiar topics, simple structure and a speed of 120 words per minute, to ask and answer and retell based on relevant listening material, to make conferred presentations based on familiar topics after adequate preparation. Obviously, the communicative method helps to achieve the teaching goal in listening and speaking practice. In practice, teachers may ask students to listen to tapes, do exercises and have discussions based on hot issues with teachers’ checking and instruction; they may also analyze some difficult points in listening material and have more extensive learning of new words and expressions. However, those who have been accustomed to the traditional method tend to keep silent and think little of this method since they cannot learn sufficient knowledge and language points. As a result, teachers should use the grammar-translation method at times with the communicative method as the main line. For instance, some difficult points at the linguistic level can be explained with the traditional method. Students’ reading, writing and translation skills are mainly trained in learning texts. Teachers are expected to base their teaching on texts to give students certain information and language knowledge first of all by focusing on the translation and understanding of texts and then establish new situations beyond the texts for practice of communicative skills. I once adopted a four-step method including preparatory reading, listening and answering, communication on text and conferred communication in the text teaching process, achieving a natural transition and fusion of grammar-translation training and communicative training. In the first step, students are required to preview a text beforehand with their grammar-translation experience in which they can make sure about some new words, the gist of the text and some questions and therefore have the next day’s class with full preparation. In the second step, the teacher first asks students to correct their pronunciation and intonation by imitating the tape and then plays the tape once again for students to answer questions or make judgments so as to check their preparatory reading. In the third step, the teacher may guide students to have communication in the context related to the text and help them to solve some problems in key words, sentences and understanding of content they displayed in the previous two steps. When explaining key words and sentences, the grammar-translation method should be used to deepen students’ understanding of the text and improve their ability to use language correctly and flexibly through right communication on the text. In the last step, students’ enthusiasm for communication is fully encouraged. Here the communication in this step is different from that in the previous steps since teachers need to employ a variety of advanced teaching methods to create language situations and communicative tasks which originating from text while going beyond of it. Students are able to apply what they have learnt to real communication through continuing writing texts, having simulated dialogues, having role-plays, having discussions and so on, hence achieving the purpose of communicating ideas through language. c. Learner Roles Learners have to participate in classroom activities that were based on a cooperative rather than individualistic approach to learning. Students have to become comfortable with listening to their peers in group work or pair work tasks, rather than relying on the teacher for a model. They are expected to take on a greater degree of responsibility for their own learning. d. Teacher Roles Teachers have to assume the role of facilitator and monitor. Rather than being a model for correct speech and writing and one with the primary responsibility of making students produce plenty of error-free sentences, the teacher have to develop a different view of learners’ errors and of her/his own role in facilitating language learning. e. The Role of Instructional Materials Classical texts and carefully compiled texts according to grammar system are used. The materials usually consist of three parts: grammar, vocabulary, and text. The main functions of the materials used in Duysel Learning are presenting and reinforcing grammar rules and new words, and offering cultural information. Additionally, exercise handbooks, cue cards, activity cards, pair-communication practice materials. And student interaction practice booklets are employed in the activities with the aim of improving communicative skills. f. The Role of Native Language The role of language in learning cannot be over-emphasized. Language is the prime resource teachers have and use for mediating learning. When learning languages, then, teachers and students are working with language simultaneously as an object of study and as a medium for learning. In teaching languages, the target language is not simply a new code – new labels for the same concepts; rather, effectively taught, the new language and culture being learned offer the opportunity for learning new concepts and new ways of understanding the world. The target language should be used not only during communicative activities, but also for explaining the activities to the students or in assigning homework. However, native language is only used in making translation. . Feelings of Students Learner’s feelings are very important because students will be more motivated to study a foreign language since they will feel they are learning to do something useful with the language. They are given an opportunity to express their individuality by having them share their ideas and opinions on a regular basis. h. Evaluation The teacher evaluates not only the students’ accuracy, but also their fluency. Use an integrative test which has a real communicative function. To assess students’ writing skill, a teacher might ask them to write a letter to a friend. Written tests in which students are asked to translate from their native language to the target language or vice versa are also used. Questions about the foreign culture or questions that ask students to apply grammar rules are common. i. Treatments of Errors Errors of form are tolerated during fluency–based activities and they are seen as a natural outcome of the development of communication skills. But in the translation part, having the students get the correct answer is considered very important. If students make errors or don’t know an answer, the teacher supplies them with the correct answer. 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The Sun Dance Essay Example For Students

The Sun Dance Essay The Sun Dance O, Wakan Tanka, be merciful to me that my People may live. It is for this that I am sacrificing myself. The Sun Dance is held every year in the month of June or July when the moon was full. It was first uncovered in a vision to a Lakota Indian called Kablaya. Wakan Tanka told him that his People had become way to sluggish in their prayers, so he sent them a new way of praying-the Sun Dance. In a Sun Dance, dancers present their bodies as a sacrifice on behalf of all the Lakota people. Through their sacrifice, the people gain strength and understanding. We will write a custom essay on The Sun Dance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the beginning , a large tipi was built and a number of ritual objects gathered or where made. One of these was a round rawhide circle, which represents the sun. It was painted red, with a smaller blue circle in the center, which represented Wakan Tanka. Many singers came to sing the sacred songs, and a drum its roundness representing the universe, its steady beat the pulse of the heart was brought. Central to the ceremony was a cottonwood tree, a rustling tree, which was placed at the center of the tipi. This represented all of the enemies who have been attacked and conquered. A group of people go out to find the cottonwood, and when they did, a sacred Pipe was smoked. One person was selected to make the first cut on the tree. This symbolized counting coup on the tree, or enemy. Others then helped cut it down, but it was not allowed to touch the ground. The tree is then carried back to the dance place and put into the earth at the center of what became the sweat lodge. Then all of the ritual objects and the tree were purified with the smoke of sweetgrass. A sweat lodge was built around the tree and the chosen dancers entered it and were purified in an Inipi. The Pipe is smoked and the sacred songs were sung. One of them was: The Sun, the Light of the world. I hear him coming. I see his face as he comes. He makes the beings on earth happy And they rejoice. O, Wakan Tanka, I offer to You this world of Light. Black Elks The Sacred Pipe. Wreaths of sage were placed on each dancers head. Then each described what s/he would sacrifice. The sacrifice was either pieces of flesh or piercing of the flesh. Flesh represents ignorance one has, so the tearing or cutting of the flesh represented freeing the body from the grasps of ignorance. On the final day of the Sun Dance, some dancers had their flesh pierced, and rawhide thongs were threaded through the flesh and tied to the tree. Wreaths of sage were placed on each dancers head and around their wrists and ankles. As they danced, they blew eagle bone whistles. As singing and drumming continued throughout; they danced until the thongs break free. Other offered pieces of flesh to Wakan Tanka, to the Earth or the four powers of the four directions. When the dance was done, the dancers went into the sweat lodge and smoked a Pipe. Then all returned to the tipi and a feast was held.